Imperial expansion is recurrent in human history. For early empires, such as in ancient China, this process generally is known from texts that glorify and present the perspective of vectors. The legacy of the Qin king, Shihuangdi, who first unified China in 221 BC, remains vital, but we have few details about the consequences of his distant conquests or how they changed the path of local histor...

• Why did Europeans begin to amass overseas empires during the sixteenth century, and what effects did this experience have on both the Europeans and conquered peoples? • What role did religion play in the European wars of the sixteenth century and the Thirty Years’ War of the seventeenth century? • How did the religious policy, the foreign policy, and the governments of Philip II of Spain and ...

8y The AJaocIatec1 Pr_ LONDON, Aprii 13 Great Brltall). and France put the full mJlltary mlght of their empires behind Rumania and Greece today In an effort to fOl'estall possible aacression by Germany and Italy. Already pledged to fllht for Poland, iliey extended unequivocal commiHments from the Baltic in northelll Europe to coast lines washed by the Black, Aegean and Ionic seas. The anU·aegre...

A new correctness criterion for discriminating Proof Nets among Proof Structures of Multiplicative Linear Logic with MIX rule is provided. This criterion is inspired by an original interpretation of Proof Structures as distributed systems, and logical formulae as processes. The computation inside a system corresponds to the logical ow of information inside a proof, that is, roughly, a distribut...

t is hardly likely that anyone in the future will achieve what Charles V, Louis XIV and Napoleon I failed to do. The founding of a new Roman Empire or of a new Carolingian empire would now be impossible ... France, England, Germany and Russia will, for centuries to come, no matter what may befall them, continue to be individual historical units, the crucial pieces on a checkerboard whose square...

The United States’ primary transportation energy sources are fossil fuels, namely, gasoline and diesel. These products have high environmental, security, and financial costs. A strong emphasis has been placed on biofuels, especially ethanol and biodiesel, to lessen the United States’ reliance on fossil fuels. Historically, high production costs, lack of infrastructure, return on investment anxi...