The annual mean maximum meridional heat transport (MHTMAX) differs by approximately 20% among coupled climate models. The value of MHTMAX can be expressed as the difference between the equator-topole contrast in absorbed solar radiation (ASR*) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR*). As an example, in the Northern Hemisphere observations, the extratropics (defined as the region with a net radiat...

In this work, photostability, absorption and emission intensity of coated polycarbonate (PC) sheets with optical brightener (OB) as a wavelength converter material have been investigated. In addition, this coated sheet was used as a wall for microalgae culture flask, as a small scale photobioreactor, for studying the spectral conversion of UV-A radiation to blue light region and its effect ...

Solar diffuse radiation data including global radiation, shortwave and longwave balances, net radiation and sunshine hours have been extensively analyzed to study the variation of diffuse radiation with turbidity and cloud discharges appearing in the form of atmospherics over the tropics. Results of surface radiation measurements at Calcutta, Poona, Delhi and Madras are presented together with ...

Abstract. The surface mass balance scheme dEBM (diurnal Energy Balance Model) provides a novel interface between the atmosphere and land ice for Earth system modeling, which is based on energy of glaciated surfaces. In contrast to empirical schemes, accounts changes in Earth’s orbit atmospheric composition. only requires monthly forcing (precipitation, temperature, shortwave longwave radiation,...

Regarding the achievement of worldwide agricultural climate neutrality, focus is on a net-zero emission cradle-to-farmgate greenhouse gases (GHGs), while, when appropriate, including biogeophysical impacts practices longwave radiation balance. Increasing soil carbon stocks and afforestation have been suggested as that could be currently (roughly) sufficient to achieve neutrality. It appears in ...