The embryonic stem cell cycle (ESCC) and let-7 families of miRNAs function antagonistically in the switch between mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal and somatic differentiation. Here, we report that the human ESCC miRNA miR-372 and let-7 act antagonistically in germline differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). hESC and iPSC-de...

multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which t cells experience a second phase of activation, which ultimately leads to axonal demyelination and neurological disability. the recent advances in stem cell therapies may serve as potential treatments for neurological disorders. there are broad types of stem cells such as neural, embryonic, mesenchymal and hem...

backgrounds: a straight-forward way to identify whether a drug or environmental chemical can be harmful to unborn baby is to evaluate its effect on laboratory animals. all invivo methods need large number of animal and are therefore time consuming and expensive. however, the thousands of chemicals in need of testing, to reduce the spending of live animals, an assortment of in vitro assays has b...

stem cell therapy can be useful for spinal cord injury (sci). induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) are generated by reprogramming mature, fully differentiated cells into a pluripotent state. the ability to generate pluripotent cells from adult somatic cells without the need for an embryo was a major development in stem cell biology. ipscs were established from mouse fibroblasts and demonstrat...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess tumor-tropic properties and consequently have been used to deliver therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Their potential in cancer therapy highlights the need for a consistent and renewable source for the production of uniform human MSCs suitable for clinical applications. In this study, we seek to investigate whether human embryonic stem cells can be us...

mouse embryonic stem cells (es) are pluripotent cell lines derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. their properties include self renewal and capacity to differentiate into different cell types. neural differentiation of es cells has been achieved by several different protocols such as treating with retinoic acid and serum decreasing in culture media. the ppars (peroxisome proliferat...

Regenerative capacity of mammals is limited and can rarely regenerate a specific organ or tissue fully. Due to these limitations, regenerative medicine seeks efficient and safe cell sources for regeneration of damaged tissues and organs or treatment for incurable diseases. Human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) hold two important properties called self renewal and pluripotency. However, the use of ...

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated by ectopic expression of four transcription factors have great promises for regenerative medicine in humans. Since the initial report of iPSCs by viral transfection, ample efforts have been made in the generation of iPSCs through nonviral approaches. Small molecules offer the advantages of low cost without genomic modification and have been used ...