Recent advances in the integrated modeling of ELMy H-mode plasmas are presented. A model for the H-mode pedestal and for the triggering of ELMs predicts the height, width, and shape of the H-mode pedestal and the frequency and width of ELMs. Formation of the pedestal and the L-H transition is the direct result of ~ Er × ~ B flow shear suppression of anomalous transport. The periodic ELM crashes...

We study Wigner phase-space distributions W (x, p) in position (x) and momentum (p) for light undergoing multiple small-angle scattering in a turbid medium. Smoothed Wigner phase-space distributions are measured by using a heterodyne technique that achieves position and momentum resolution determined by the width and the diffraction angle of the local oscillator beam. The sample consists of 5.7...

. Traditional camera pedestals are manually operated. Our long term goal is to construct a fully autonomous pedestal system which can respond to changes in a scene and mimicking the human camera operator. In this paper, we discuss our experiments to control the vertical motion of a pedestal by leveling its position with a human head or a tracked hand-held object. We describe a set of computer v...

We construct a diffusive, bi-stable cellular automata model to elucidate the physical mechanisms underlying observed edge localized mode (ELM) mitigation by supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI). The extended cellular automata model reproduces key qualitative features of ELM mitigation experiments, most significantly the increase in frequency of grain ejection events (ELMs), and the decrea...

Performance of the ITER is anticipated to be highly sensitive to the edge plasma condition. The edge pedestal in ITER needs to be predicted from an integrated simulation of the necessary firstprinciples, multi-scale physics codes. The mission of the SciDAC Fusion Simulation Project (FSP) Prototype Center for Plasma Edge Simulation (CPES) is to deliver such a code integration framework by (1) bu...

Neoclassical shielding is the dominant mechanism reducing the collisionless zonal flow in a tokamak. Previously, this phenomenon was analyzed in the case of an essentially homogeneous equilibrium since the wavelength of the zonal flow perturbation was assumed to be much less than the scale length of background plasma parameters. This assumption is not appropriate in a tokamak pedestal. Therefor...

The detectability and appearance of visual targets can be modulated by surround stimuli. In this study we asked how cross- and iso-oriented surrounds modulate contrast detection and discrimination in foveal vision. We systematically measured the Threshold-versus-Contrast (TvC) functions over a wide range of pedestal and surround contrasts. Our results show that cross-oriented surrounds lower th...

Argon-seeded H-modes in low triangularity pumped-limiter-like, and medium to high triangularity divertor, configurations on JET are described, focusing upon ELM effects. Appropriate fuelling and seeding strategies in each geometry have combined good confinement with density around the Greenwald level, accompanied by ELMs shown to have explicitly Type I character. For lower triangularity, argon ...

PURPOSE Pokorny and Smith (J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 1997;14:2477-2486) described a laboratory method to behaviorally measure magnocellular and parvocellular pathway sensitivity. We investigated whether their method may be more efficiently applied to clinical populations by reducing adaptation times. METHODS We measured contrast detection thresholds to a 30-ms increment on a 30 cd/m2 ...

One traditional psychophysical measure of increment threshold presents a brief increment in an ongoing stimulus pedestal for detection. In another class of experiments, the signal can be either an increment or a decrement, and the subject must say which. These configurations are illustrated in Fig. 1. It shows a pedestal alone, S(0), the pedestal plus an incremental signal, S(+), and the pedest...