introduction worldwide, chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. causes of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels vary depending on the population under study. the aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency and causes of persistently elevated alt levels in patients of the gastroenterology (gi) clinics in ghaem and emam reza hospitals in mashhad, iran....

Background. Although tapering techniques are widely used in a variety of sports, guidelines for the programming of optimal tapering strategy in wrestling have not been well established. So, Objectives. The propose of this study was to investigate the effect of two types of tapering on plasma levels of pro- inflammatory cytokines and performance in elite male wrestlers. Methods. Thirty elite m...

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of perioperative tests for the diagnosis of infectionin revision shoulder arthroplasty.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 537 shoulder arthroplasties (429 patients) that underwent revisionshoulder arthroplasty at our institution. Periprosthetic tissue cultures were positive in 169/537 surgeries.Results: White-blood ...

abstract comorbidity of mental disorders and substance abuse has significant effect in treatment of persons with substance dependency. this research is aimed to determine the frequency of mental disorders in substance abusers. in cross-sectional descriptive design, 643 people were selected using convenience random sampling among patients with substance dependency that were undergoing treatment ...

On the basis of both Geschwind andBehan's (1984) theory—that at least part of the genesis of left-handedness can be ascribed to overexposure to testosterone during fetal development—andDorner's (1980;Dorneretal., 1991) theory—that transsexuality emerges from prenatal overor underexposure to androgens infemale-to-male (FTM) andmale-to-female (MTF) transsexuals, respectively—it was predicted that...

As we age, cholesterol builds up in the arteries of the heart and neck, placing us at risk for heart attacks, strokes, and premature death. Treatment that lowers cholesterol in the blood has therefore become the cornerstone of prevention of future heart attack, stroke, and death, both in persons who definitely have heart disease and in those who are at risk of developing it in the future. Evide...

Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is routinely used test to monitor long term glycaemic control in diabetic patients. It is well known that genetic variants and chemically modified derivatives of haemoglobin can profoundly affect the accuracy of HbA1c measurements. The degree of interference depends on the HbA1c assay method, type & quantum of haemoglobin variant present in a given sample. Here,...

To diagnose a myocardial infarction, an increase and/or fall in troponin values by at least one value > the 99th percentile in a healthy reference population is required, combined with other ischaemic signs or symptoms (1). Troponin T and troponin I are considered equal in diagnostics of myocardial infarction. There is only one manufacturer of tests for troponin T and thus only one reference ra...