This paper extends a classic performance measure, (MPRE), used to analyse the estimation reliability a limited number of sensors. Our improvement enables the analyst to consider optimal sensor locations not just for link flows, as the original metric does, This is an important improvement since link flows may not be sufficient, and lead to wrong estimations and management decisions (e.g., OD es...

Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) can operate on a blend of ethanol and gasoline in any volumetric concentration of up to 85% ethanol (93% in Brazil). Existing FFVs rely on ethanol sensor installed in the vehicle fueling system, or on the ethanoldependent air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) estimated via an exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) or λ sensor. The EGO-based ethanol detection is desirable from cost and mainten...

In this study, an energy harvesting chip was developed to scavenge energy from artificial light to charge a wireless sensor node. The chip core is a miniature transformer with a nano-ferrofluid magnetic core. The chip embedded transformer can convert harvested energy from its solar cell to variable voltage output for driving multiple loads. This chip system yields a simple, small, and more impo...

IR sensor circuit is used to detect the presence of IR signals from electronic device. Here an operational amplifier (op-amp) of LM 339 is used as comparator circuit. An electronic detector is cooled to low temperatures using liquid helium. Here we build touch sensors, speaker circuits, microphone circuits, and much, more. Visit here if How to Build a Night Light Circuit with an LM741 Op Amp Ho...

MEMS thermal shear-stress sensors exploit heat-transfer effects to measure the shear stress exerted by an air flow on its solid boundary, and have promising applications in aerodynamic control. Classical theory for conventional, macroscale thermal shear-stress sensors states that the rate of heat removed by the flow from the sensor is proportional to the 1/3-power of the shear stress. However, ...

This paper presents the development and assessment of two types of Long Period Fiber Grating (LPFG)-based sensors including a mobile liquid level sensor and a reflective sensor for the measurement of liquid level and fluid-flow velocity. Shewhart control charts were used to assess the liquid level sensing capacity and reliability of the mobile CO(2)-laser engraved LPFG sensor. There were ten gr...

This work deals with the analysis of noise sources of the off-diagonal magneto-impedance sensor with stressannealed amorphous ribbon. This experimental analysis shows that the equivalent magnetic noise spectral density is mostly due to the electronic conditioning circuitry that operates the sensor. The electronic noise was then reduced with employment of an improved excitation-detection techniq...

Microfabrication has greatly matured and proliferated in use amongst many disciplines. There has been great interest in micromachined flow sensors due to the benefits of miniaturization: low cost, small device footprint, low power consumption, greater sensitivity, integration with on-chip circuitry, etc. This paper reviews the theory of thermal flow sensing and the different configurations and ...

Extensive data generated by peers of nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) needs to be analysed and processed in order to extract information that is meaningful to the user. Data processing techniques that achieve this goal on sensor nodes are required to operate while meeting resource constraints such as memory and power to prolong a sensor network’s lifetime. This survey serves to provide ...

In the paper a feasibility study on the use of surface acoustic wave (SAW) vibration sensors for electronic warning systems is presented. The system is assembled from concatenated SAW vibration sensors based on a SAW delay line manufactured on a surface of a piezoelectric plate. Vibrations of the plate are transformed into electric signals that allow identification of the sensor and localizatio...