General H NMR and C NMR spectra were recorded with a JEOL JNM-Alice 400 spectrometer (400 MHz and 100 MHz, respectively). Chemical shifts are given in parts per million (δ) downfield from internal tetramethylsilane. Infrared spectra were obtained with a Perkin-Elmer FT-IR (Model 1600). Both conventional and high resolution mass spectra were recorded with a JEOL JMS-DX303HF spectrometer. GC Mass...

this review describes the Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED), Raman Spectroscopy & Field Ion Microscopy (FIM) techniques for materials characterization at the atomic and molecular level along with composition, and vibration frequencies of a substance. The goal is to provide an overview of the utilization of these instrumental methods for analyzing the surf...

We describe the apparatus used to measure the spectrum of accelerated electrons from a laser-plasma acceleration experiment carried out at Rutherford Appleton Laboratories (RAL). The source of the broadband, energetic electrons was the forward Raman scattering instability of a high intensity (5 × 10 W/cm) laser. Here the laser beam photons decay into scattered photons and a relativistic electro...

The design and performance of an electron spin resonance spectrometer operating at 3 and 9 GHz microwave frequencies combined with a 9-T superconducting magnet are described. The probehead contains a compact two-loop, one gap resonator, and is inside the variable temperature insert of the magnet enabling measurements in the 0-9T magnetic field and 1.5-400 K temperature range. The spectrometer a...

X-ray spectra provide a wealth of information on high temperature plasmas; for example electron temperature and density can be inferred from line intensity ratios. By using a Johann spectrometer viewing the plasma, it is possible to construct profiles of plasma parameters such as density, temperature, and velocity with good spatial and time resolution. However, benchmarking atomic code modeling...

An experimental scheme to realize single-shot spectrometry for the diagnostics of x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) is presented. The combination of an ultraprecisely figured mirror and a perfect crystal form a simple, high-precision spectrometer that can cover an energy range from a few eV to a hundred eV with high resolution. The application of the spectrometer to determine XFEL pulse widths...

A novel wavelength dispersive soft X-ray emission spectrometer (WD-SXES) has been developed. It covers nominally the X-ray energy range between 50 and 210 eV [1, 2]. One of the characteristic features of the WD-SXES is parallel detection of the signal so that it can be used like a conventional energy dispersive spectrometer. One other feature is a high energy resolution, which is about 0.2 eV. ...

In this work La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 , one group of nanosized perovskite-type oxides were prepared by sol-gel method. The perovskite structure has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) , scanning electron microscopy (SEM) , energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) . The nanoparticles showed the excellent adsorption properties towards reactive blue 4 (RB4) ...

We describe a far-infrared electron-paramagnetic-resonance ~EPR! spectrometer for broadband ~100–300 GHz! use. The spectrometer is operated in the reflection mode and uses broadband quasioptical methods to separate the transmitted from the reflected radiation. We describe and illustrate its operation at 170 GHz ~1.8 mm! and compare its performance to that of our transmission mode spectrometer o...

The linear accelerator system of the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory has been designed with aim generating free-electron lasers (FELs) in mid-infrared (MIR) and terahertz (THz) regions. quality radiation is strongly dependent on properties electron beam. Among important beam parameters, energy spread are particularly important. To accurately measure energy, first dipole magnet bunch compresso...