This study describes a preclinical investigation with laser-activated bleaching agent for discolored teeth. Bleaching techniques involve a broad-spectrum approach utilizing hydrogen peroxide (3-38%) with or without heat or laser, carbamide peroxide (10-30%), or a mixture of sodium perborate and hydrogen peroxide. Extracted human maxillary central incisors were selected. In the bleaching experim...

A new Pinnacle 3D treatment-planning system software release has recently become available (v7.4, Philips Radiation Oncology Systems, Milpitas, CA), which supports modeling of rounded multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf ends; it also includes a number of other software enhancements intended to improve the overall dose calculation accuracy. In this report, we provide a general discussion of the dose...

The AAPM Task Group 40 reported that in vivo dosimetry can be used to identify major deviations in treatment delivery in radiation therapy. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using one single diode to perform in vivo dosimetry in the entire radiotherapeutic energy range regardless of its intrinsic buildup material. The only requirement on diode selection would be to choose a diode...

GaN-based Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) diode oscillators have been studied by employing Gunn design criteria applicable to this material system. Numerical simulations were used to carry out large-signal analysis of the GaN NDR diode oscillators in order to evaluate their potential for THz signal generation. It was found that, due to the higher electron velocity and reduced time consta...

Unidirectional electric current flow, such as that found in a diode, is essential for modern electronics. It usually occurs at asymmetric interfaces such as p-n junctions or metal/semiconductor interfaces with Schottky barriers. We report on a diode effect associated with the direction of bulk electric polarization in BiFeO3: a ferroelectric with a small optical gap edge of approximately 2.2 el...

The parameters of the interaction 3 d electron states with an electromagnetic wave, as well probabilities magnetic and electric dipole transitions between ground term iron ion, which is split by crystal field, exchange interaction, spin–orbit coupling, have been calculated. dependences absorption lines on magnitude direction applied field determined. It has shown that optical diode effect disco...