In this paper, generalizations of the Stokes parameters and alternative characterizations of three-dimensional (3D) time-varying electromagnetic fields is introduced. One of these characteristics is the normal of the polarization plane, which, in many cases of interest, is parallel (or antiparallel) to the direction of propagation. Others are the two spectral density Stokes parameters which des...

The effective action for QED in curved spacetime includes equivalence principle violating interactions between the electromagnetic field and the spacetime curvature. These interactions admit the possibility of superluminal yet causal photon propagation in gravitational fields. In this paper, we extend our analysis of photon propagation in gravitational backgrounds to the Kerr spacetime describi...

Cell polarization is an important part of the response of eukaryotic cells to stimuli, and forms a primary step in cell motility, differentiation, and many cellular functions. Among the important biochemical players implicated in the onset of intracellular asymmetries that constitute the early phases of polarization are the Rho GTPases, such as Cdc42, Rac, and Rho, which present high active con...

Photons propagating in curved spacetime may, depending on their direction and polari-sation, have velocities exceeding the " speed of light " c. This phenomenon arises through vacuum polarisation in QED and is a tidal gravitational effect depending on the local curvature. It implies that the Principle of Equivalence does not hold for interacting quantum field theories in curved spacetime and re...

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The electrostatic and electromagnetic low frequency waves propagating in azimuthal direction in a Hall thruster channel are found to be unstable due to the resistive coupling to the electrons’ closed drift in the presence of collisions. The thermal motion of the electrons and their collisions significantly affect the growth of these waves. With respect to the collision frequency, wave number, e...

The equation is considered for a composite scalar particle with polarizabilities in an external quantized electromagnetic plane wave. This equation is reduced to a system of equations for infinite number of interacting oscillators. After diagonalization, we come to equations for free oscillators. As a result, exact solutions of the equation for a particle are found in a plane quantized electrom...

This study analyzed the transformer electromagnetic gap propagation characteristics. The influence of gap size is also analyzed, and the results experimentally verified. The obtained results indicated that the gap propagation characteristics of electromagnetic wave signals radiated by the partial discharge (PD) source in different directions are substantially different. The intensity of the ele...