1. In a salt-free medium the proportion of the total amount of hemolytic sensitizer present, combined with the homologous cells, reaches a maximum of almost 100 per cent at pH 5.3. On the alkaline side of this point the proportion combined diminishes with the alkalinity and reaches a minimum of approximately 5 per cent at pH 10. On the acid side of pH 5.3 the proportion combined diminishes with...

Studies of the effects of galactose on the lens have revealed that marked depressions in the levels of free amino acids and free myo-inositol occur. These changes can be demonstrated by incubating a rabbit lens in a medium containing 30 mM. galactose. However, the lens incubated in galactose but also exposed to tetramethylene glutaric, an aldose reductase inhibitor, shows little dulcitol accumu...

The role of water and electrolyte influxes in anoxia-induced plasma membrane disruption was investigated using rabbit proximal tubule suspension. The results indicated that normal proximal tubule (PT) cells have a great capacity for expanding cell volume in response to water influx, whereas anoxia increases the susceptibility to water influx-induced disruption, and this was attenuated by glycin...

In evaluating the renal mechanisms responsible for the generation of the dysnatremias, an analysis of free water clearance (FWC) and electrolyte-free water clearance (EFWC) is often utilized to characterize the rate of urinary free water excretion in these disorders. Previous analyses of FWC and EFWC have failed to consider the relationship among plasma water Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)](pw)), ...

Supercapacitors are electrochemical energy-storage devices that exploit the electrostatic interaction between high-surface-area nanoporous electrodes and electrolyte ions. Insight into the molecular mechanisms at work inside supercapacitor carbon electrodes is obtained with (13)C and (11)B ex situ magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR). In activated carbons soaked with an ele...

Rechargeable aqueous Zn/MnO2 battery chemistry in a neutral or mildly acidic electrolyte has attracted extensive attention recently because all the components (anode, cathode, and electrolyte) in a Zn/MnO2 battery are safe, abundant, and sustainable. However, the reaction mechanism of the MnO2 cathode remains a topic of discussion. Herein, we design a highly reversible aqueous Zn/MnO2 battery w...

We present an implicit solvent model based on the extended reference interaction site model (XRISM) integral equation theory, which is a molecular theory of solvation. The solvation free energy is composed of additive potentials of mean force (PMF) of various functional groups. The XRISM theory is applied to determine the PMF of each group in water and NaBr electrolyte solutions. The method has...

Modification of ionic strength of an aqueous or non-aqueous carrier solution can have profound effects on the particle retention behavior in thermal field-flow fractionation (ThFFF). These effects can be considered as either advantageous or not depending on the performance criteria under consideration. Aside from the general increase in retention time of particulate material (latexes and silica...

In the present research the growth and metabolism of cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. FS18, isolated from rice fields of Gillan Province (Iran), were evaluated in different nitrogen sources. This strain is a good candidate as biological fertilizer due to high efficiency to N2 fixation. In this way, cells in logarithmic phase of stock were treated with different nitrogen sources (N-free, 1 & 2 mM ...

Nonlinear free vibration analysis of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) embedded in an elastic medium is studied in this paper based on classical (local) Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. Using the averaging method, the nonlinear free vibration responses of DWCNTs are obtained. The result is compared with the obtained results from the harmonic balance method for single-walled carbon nanotubes (...