To reduce the pressure on contacts and circuit breaker and realize the zone selective interlocking (ZSI) function above the instantaneous protection threshold (e.g., >10In), the short circuit current needs to be early detected. The state-of–art of early short circuit detection (ESCD) method is reviewed. Based on the equivalent model of the short circuit, a new method based on the current and it...

Injecting spins into nonmagnetic molecular devices has attracted much attention in spintronics. Herein, we propose a novel strategy to introduce magnetism single benzene molecule coupled with two armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNR) electrodes, where the ends of AGNR electrodes are cut zigzag-edge triangular graphenes (ZTGs). The spin-dependent transport properties junction investigated by usin...

In design problem such as a new configuration of plasma actuator for maximizing the velocity of the airflow, experimental setup is done by an ad-hoc procedure. This provides the researcher with a relationship of the input parameters (width of the electrode, distance of the electrodes, the voltage and etc) and the velocity. As the experiments are time consuming and expensive in most of the cases...

two poly(oxyethylene) derivatives 1.10-bis(2'-benzoic acid)-1,4,7,1-tetradecane (l1) and 1,7-bis(2'-benzoic acid)-1,4,7-trioxaheptane (l2) were used as suitable ionophores for the preparation of potassium-selective pvc-membrane electrodes. the resulting electrodes based on l1 and l2 exhibit linear responses to the activity of k+ ions within the concentration ranges of 3.1´10-5 -2.7´10-2 m and 2...

the electrocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (mo) on pbo2-tio2 nanocomposite electrodes was studied by cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis. the results reveal that pbo2-tio2 nanocomposite electrodes possess higher oxygen evolution overpotential than pbo2 electrodes and the electrocatalytic degradation of mo on the electrodes is direct oxidation process. the influence of experimental p...

In this study, we explore the potential of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for miniaturised 3D samples to provide a noninvasive approach for future applications in tissue engineering and 3D cell culturing. We evaluated two different electrode configurations using an array of nine circular chambers (Ø 10 mm), each having eight gold plated needle electrodes vertically integrated along the c...

sol-gel and polymeric membrane electrodes, based on thiacalix[4]arene as a neutral carrier, weresuccessfully developed for the detection of vo2+ in aqueous solutions. the sol-gel and pvcmembrane electrodes exhibited linear response with nernstian slopes of 29.3 and 28.4 mv perdecade, respectively, within the vanadyl ion concentration ranges from 1.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-1mol dm-3 and from 1.0 × 1...

Plasma actuators (PA) can be utilized as fluid control devices without moving parts, but further improvement in drive efficiency is necessary. Herein, string-type PAs with up to 12 insulated conductive wires were evaluated replace sheet-type having a single encapsulated electrode. The thrust–power ratio of eight or more nine times that single-wire PA. This due the substantial increase width ele...

wet ag/agcl electrodes, although very popular in clinical diagnosis, are not appropriate for expanding applications of wearable biopotential recording systems which are used repetitively and for a long time. here, the development of a low‑cost and low‑noise active dry electrode is presented. the performance of the new electrodes was assessed for recording electrocardiogram (ecg) and electroence...

INTRODUCTION This study investigates how a particular incorrect electrode configuration affects the 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG). METHODS A correct and an incorrect 12-lead ECG were extracted from a 192-lead BSPM. This was done for 232 BSPMs yielding 464 12-lead ECGs. The particular incorrect ECG involved displacing electrodes V1 and V2 in the second intercostal space whilst also offsettin...