Objectives This is a protocol for Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of electroconvulsive therapy an acute affective episode (hypomania, mania, mixed state or depression) in children, adolescents, adults older people with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND There is little literature on the depiction of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in movies. In India, Hindi cinema is an important source of public information and misinformation about ECT. METHODS We identified depictions of ECT in Hindi cinema through inquiries with e-communities, video libraries, and other sources. We also searched the PubMed database using search terms related to...

Anxiety disorders, particularly obsessive compulsive disorder and other related can be crippling cause significant distress impairment. They may very difficult to treat some cases also life threatening. In this review, the authors summarise latest research on efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in treating refractory anxiety disorders.

ajor depressive disorder is among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and is a leading cause of morbidity and lost productivity. 1 The 1-year prevalence of major depressive disorder in the Canadian population is 3.2%–4.6%. 2 A large, multisite prospective trial showed that only 28% of patients ex-peri ence remission following monotherapy with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. 3 Further, remi...

» ...between about 10 and 30% of depressed patients taking antidepressants and receiving psychotherapy are partially or totally resistant to these treatments, and even with electroconvulsive therapy, a significant number remain refractory. « Depression is a common, severe psychiatric illness with an enormous individual and societal burden and limited therapeutic options. Unfortunately, between ...

Electroconvulsive therapy is the most effective therapy for major depressive disorder (MDD). The remission rate is above 50% in previously pharmacoresistant patients but the mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS) in rodents mimics antidepressant electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in humans and is widely used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of EC...