An integrated electro-optic waveguide modulator is demonstrated in bulk fused silica. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer waveguide structure is fabricated by direct writing with a femtosecond laser followed by thermal poling. A 20 degrees electro-optic phase shift is achieved at an operating wavelength of 1.55 microm with an applied voltage of 400 V and an interaction length of 25.6 mm, which corres...

In this paper we present a complete methodology for efficient electro-mechanical characterization of a CMOS compatible MEMS technology. Using an original test structure, the so-called “U-shape cantilever beam,” we are able to determine all mechanical characteristics of force sensors constituted with elementary beams in a given technology. A complete set of electro-mechanical relations for the d...

this paper aims to assess the quality and accuracy aster dems and the arcgis alogorthms used for hydrologic analyses. to this end, first the plan of drainage networks in the region was extracted from aerial photographs and high resolution satellite images and was set as the real ground. in the next step, using the hydrology tool in arcgis software, raster networks of the region for the whole ca...

The wavelength dependence of the one-photon absorption-induced photodegradation rate has been measured from the visible to the near IR for a variety of electro-optic chromophore-doped polymers. Systematic behavior is identified. The lifetime of the electro-optic activity is found to increase exponentially over 4-6 orders of magnitude for wavelengths ranging from peak of absorption, typically in...

The electro-optic properties of 1.3 mm self-assembled InAs=GaAs quantum dots grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition are reported. The linear and quadratic electro-optic coefficients are 2.4 10 11 m=V and 3.2 10 18 m=V, respectively, which are significantly larger than those of GaAs bulk materials. Also, the linear electro-optic coefficient is almost comparable to that of lithium niob...

In agricultural lands, high nutrient levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are very important due to the high need of plants. By improving the nutrient content of sodium soils, the fertility and growth of the plants improve. Accordingly, in order to investigate the effect of underground drainage on soil quality in Khuzestan region, this experiment was carried out in a completely randomiz...

The results of an experimental investigation of kerbside bridge deck drainage units are presented. The conveyance capacity, resistance coefficients and sediment transporting efficiencies of different types of drainage unit used in shallow bridge drainage decks are examined over a range of bed gradients likely to be encountered in practice. The use of a V-shaped cross section is shown to be part...