3 I have pointed out (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 13, 43-46 (1927)) that the dual theory of electric conduction permits us to suppose the free to have the heat energy of gas molecules while the mean heat energy of all the conducting electrons may be much less. 4 In the first draft of his theory Sommerfeld, using, I believe, purely kinetic considerations, deduced Volta potential-differences which app...

We propose a new mechanism for polarizing nuclear spins in quantum dots, based on periodic modulation of the hyperfine coupling by electric driving at the electron spin resonance frequency. Dynamical nuclear polarization results from resonant excitation rather than hyperfine relaxation mediated by a thermal bath, and thus is not subject to Overhauser-like detailed balance constraints. This allo...

Energy is required for everything that we do, and it is the most important thing after food, upon which the life of nations depend. Lack of power could cause economies to cripple. A flourishing power generation industry is considered to be a sign of prosperity for any nation. We get electricity from electric power generators that create electricity from natural power sources, such as water, coa...

The effect of a uniform electric field on interfacial properties of dipolar-quadrupolar fluids is investigated by using the density-functional theory. As in the case of purely dipolar fluids the (thermodynamic) surface tension is always altered by the external field, regardless of the direction of the field. However, unlike the purely dipolar fluids, for two given external fields with the same ...

Five distinctly resolved I7O solid-state NMR resonances in room temperature coesite, an Si02 polymorph, have been observed and assigned using dynamic-angle spinning (DAS) at 11.7 T along with magic-angle spinning (MAS) spectra at 9.4 and 11.7 T. The I7O quadrupolar parameters for each of the five oxygen environments in coesite are correlated with the Si-0-Si bridging bond angles determined by d...

We show how to simulate a toy model of electrodynamics in 1+1 dimensions and describe several numerical experiments. The toy model is much simpler than ordinary electrodynamics, but shares many of the same physical features. For example, there are analogs to the electric and magnetic fields, and these fields generate forces between charged particles and support freely propagating radiation. Unl...

2014 It is shown that the large variations found in transport measurements in thin films of low density-of-states amorphous silicon can be explained by the effect of a variable charge density at the film-substrate interface. The amount and even the sign of these charges have been varied by application of an electric field across the substrate. These surface charges effects can be used to measur...

A standard drift-diffusion model of space charge wave propagation in semiconductors has been studied numerically and analytically under dc voltage bias. For sufficiently long samples, appropriate contact resistivity, and applied voltage-such that the sample is biased in a regime of negative differential resistance-we find chaos in the propagation of nonlinear fronts (charge monopoles of alterna...

Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) molecules self-assemble into one-dimensional columnar structures that possess a macrodipole moment along the stacking direction. Application of an external electric field on their liquid crystalline (LC) phase consisting of aligned stacks leads to a net polarization whose sign can be reversed by changing the direction of the field. Atomistic molecular dynamics...

We report experimental data and theoretical analysis of Coulomb drag between two closely positioned graphene monolayers in a weak magnetic field. Close enough to the neutrality point, the coexistence of electrons and holes in each layer leads to a dramatic increase of the drag resistivity. Away from charge neutrality, we observe nonzero Hall drag. The observed phenomena are explained by decoupl...