In 2020, Ecuadorian politics was not only constrained by the COVID-19 pandemic, but also stirred political instability and an intense online electoral campaign. this article, we outline economic, social, context from February 2020 to 2021. Then, explore core measures overall impacts of on politics. We present main institutional policy changes, bearing in mind that last year Lenín Morenoâ??s pr...

This study focuses on the 1922 legislative elections that took place in six electoral districtsof Alentejo (Portugal).It addresses topics related to political contextualization, choice of candidates for deputies, campaign, clientelism, fraud and agreements.It also presents a review results Alentejo, moving away from numbers followed by Portuguese historiography

Under closed-list proportional representation, a party's electoral list determines the order in which legislative seats are allocated to candidates. When candidates differ their ability, parties face trade-off between competence and incentives. Ranking decreasing of ensures that elected politicians most competent. Yet, party lists create incentives for may push not rank order. We examine this g...

Introduction By the time of the 2005 general election, most UK parties had been running websites and using online campaign tools for a decade or more. This was the third general election campaign in which the internet, World Wide Web (WWW) and email had played a role, but the first one where the majority of the UK electorate now had access. 1 Whilst the initial hype surrounding the democratisin...

US political reporting has become extraordinarily rich in polling data. However, this increase in information availability has not been matched by an improvement in the accuracy of poll-based news stories, which usually examine a single survey at a time, rather than providing an aggregated, more accurate view. In 2004, I developed a meta-analysis that reduced the polling noise for the President...

There is widespread agreement that the process of election campaigning, particularly the roles of parties and the news media, have been transformed during recent decades. Many are concerned that these developments have generated widespread apathy, or even alienation, from the traditional modes of electoral participation in representative democracies. This tendency is thought to be particularly ...

This paper explores the use of interactive communication and dialogic relationship building strategies on political campaign Web sites. In contrast to presidential races that often feature substantially more sophisticated campaign Web sites, congressional candidates’ ability and willingness to use the Web as an electioneering tool has varied greatly. The present research sought to address two b...

U.S. Courts of Appeals judges elevate their dissents for ten months prior to Presidential elections. I develop a theoretical model showing that the salience of partisan identities can explain this pattern. I link judges to their states of residence, and exploit temporal variation in the importance of a state during the electoral season. Dissents are elevated in swing states and in states that c...