background: opioid analgesics are the mainstay of the treatment of postoperative pain. appropriate monitoring of patients receiving opioid analgesics is essential to detect those with side effects such as respiratory depression. the discovery of acetaminophen as a cox-3 variant may represent a primary central mechanism by which acetaminophen decrease pain. the aim of this study was to assess th...

Background and Aims Cesarean sections are performed mostly under spinal anesthesia. Shivering is one of the distressing complications. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of intravenous (i.v) magnesium sulfate and tramadol with placebo (normal saline) on postspinal shivering in elective cesarean section when used as prophylaxis. Methods One hundred and thirty-five pregnant women ...

BACKGROUND Maternal age at delivery and cesarean section rates are increasing. In older women, the decision on delivery mode may be influenced by a reported increased risk of surgical interventions during labor and complications with increasing maternal age. We examined the association between maternal age and adverse outcomes in low-risk primiparous women, and the risk of adverse outcomes by d...

Studies have indicated that children delivered by cesarean section are at an increased risk of developing wheezing and asthma. This could be the result of an altered immune system development due to delayed gut colonization or of increased neonatal respiratory morbidity. The authors examined the associations between delivery by cesarean section and the development of wheezing, asthma, and recur...

Background: Caesarean section has become increasingly the common method of delivery. From 1980 to 2001 the rate in UK has increased from 9% to 21% of all births. The aim of the study was to find out the outcome of delivery in women with previous cesarean section, the mode of delivery, maternal and fetal outcome of labour and various factors which influence the mode of delivery. Methods: 150 wom...

Objective. We aim to investigate methods and use of cervical ripening in women without and with a prior cesarean delivery in The Netherlands. Methods. In 2010, we conducted a postal survey in all Dutch hospitals with a labor ward. One gynecologist per hospital was addressed and was asked to respond on behalf of the staff. The questionnaire contained 31 questions concerning cervical ripening and...

Cesarean delivery on maternal request is defined as a prelabor cesarean delivery on maternal request in the absence of any maternal or fetal indications. There are many reasons underlying why women may desire this type of delivery versus planned vaginal delivery: anxiety over the birthing process, concern for perineal trauma during vaginal delivery, potential for urinary incontinence or pelvic ...