BACKGROUND Joint torques are generally of primary importance for clinicians to analyze the effect of a surgery and to obtain an indicator of functional capability to perform a motion. Given the current need to standardize the functional evaluation of the upper limb, the aim of this paper is to assess (1) the variability of the calculated maximal elbow joint torque during cyclic elbow flexion-ex...

BACKGROUND This study examined the relationship between interhandle distances and upper limb exertion during simply pushing and pulling of a cart with four swivel wheels, defined by a roll box pallet (RBP) in a Japanese industrial standard. METHODS Six healthy young male participants were asked to push and pull an RBP at a distance of 5.2 m under six conditions corresponding to different inte...

In this research elbow flexion has been analysed and the moment of muscles and the reaction force exerted on the elbow is calculated in the range of motion. The moment of muscles indicate the performance of movement and the reaction force of the joint is believed to be one of the most important causes of damage, something which hasn’t been studied thoroughly enough in previous researches. To th...

BACKGROUND A screening of ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency is required for overhead throwers, since secondary pathologic changes result from an increased elbow valgus laxity. We developed a new manual method for assessing elbow valgus laxity and investigated the reliability of this method and its correlation with ultrasonographic assessment. METHODS We defined elbow valgus laxity as th...

Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue structure in our body and plays an essential role for producing motion through integrated action with bones, tendons, ligaments and joints, for stabilizing body position, for generation of heat through cell respiration and for blood glucose disposal. A key function of skeletal muscle is force generation. Non-invasive and selective measurement of muscle cont...

Prior work has shown that cerebellar subjects have difficulty adjusting for interaction torques that occur during multi-jointed movements. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this deficit is due to a general inability to generate sufficient levels of phasic torque inability or due to an inability to generate muscle torques that predict and compensate for interaction torques. A se...

Activities of the elbow flexors and extensors during the movement of the elbow flexion and extension were analyzed in six normal human volunteers by electromyography (EMG). In the flexors, the majority of the muscles showed EMG activities during both the flexion and extension phases, although patterns and amplitudes of EMG activities varied from individual to individual. The biceps brachii alwa...

Twenty-two patients with ulnar nerve palsy at the elbow, confirmed by electromyography, were treated by a night splint which prevented flexion of the elbow beyond 60 degrees. The splint was worn all night regularly for at least six months. At a mean follow-up of 11.3 months, 17 patients had clinical and electromyographic assessment and five were contacted by telephone. There was improvement in ...

Free innervated muscle transfer (FMT) achieves functional restoration following not only traumatic brachial plexus injury, but also intractable rare upper limb disorders, such Hopkins’ syndrome, myoplasia in arthrogryposis and radition neuropathy. I introduce our current experience of FMT for these disorders. Hopkins syndrome is a rare cause of poliomyelitis-like paralysis affecting one or more...

The goals of this work were to (i) establish a method for building subject-specific biomechanical models from medical image data, (ii) construct a subject-specific model of the elbow, and (iii) quantify the accuracy of soft tissue excursions estimated from the model. We developed a kinematic model of the elbow joint and its surrounding musculature from magnetic resonance images of a 6'4" male c...