This study describes a novel immunization strategy against avian coccidiosis using exosomes derived from Eimeria parasite antigen (Ag)-loaded dendritic cells (DCs). Chicken intestinal DCs were isolated and pulsed in vitro with a mixture of sporozoite-extracted Ags from Eimeria tenella, E. maxima, and E. acervulina, and the cell-derived exosomes were isolated. Chickens were nonimmunized or immun...

Clostridium perfringens causes enteric diseases in animals and humans. In poultry, avian-specific C. perfringens strains cause necrotic enteritis, an economically significant poultry disease that costs the global industry over $2 billion annually in losses and control measures. With removal of antibiotic growth promoters in some countries this disease appears to be on the rise. In experimental ...

Since May 1979, 458 shrews (Blarina sp. and Sorex spp.) representing 20 species collected in Canada, Japan, and the United States were examined for coccidia; 110 (24%) had oocysts in their feces, including 8 of 21 (38%) B. brevicauda from Massachusetts, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Vermont; 2 of 7 (29%) S. caecutiens from Hokkaido and Honshu; 14 of 63 (22%) S. cinereus from Colorado, New Mexico, Pen...

in order to determine the involvement of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of coccidiosis induced by eimeria, 30 chickens were challenged with mixed sporulated oocysts of four species of eimeria (e. acervulina, e. maxima, e. necatrix, and e. tenella) at 26 days of age. there was an increasing of oocyst shedding in the infected birds at 6, 10 and 14 days post-infection. histopathological examinat...

Eimeria tenella and Toxoplasma gondii are obligate intracellular parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. In T. gondii, the microneme protein TgMIC2 contains two well-defined adhesive motifs and is thought to be a key participant in the attachment and invasion of host cells. However, several attempts by different laboratories to generate a knockout (KO) of TgMIC2 have failed, implying tha...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental formulation of toltrazuril 7.5% + Trimix™ on a naturally acquired infection of Eimeria spp. in suckling lambs kept on pasture and, in another trial, evaluate the comparative efficacy between lasalocid and toltrazuril 7.5% + Trimix™ in newly weaned sheep under feedlot conditions that had been naturally infected with Eime...

The degree of host specificity, its phylogenetic conservativeness and origin are virtually unknown in Eimeria. This situation is largely due to the inadequate sample of eimerian molecular data available for reliable phylogenetic analyses. In this study, we extend the data set by adding 71 new sequences of coccidia infecting 16 small-mammal genera, mostly rodents. According to the respective fea...

The intracellular life-cycle of Eimeria are located in the host cell within a membrane-bound parasitophorous vacuole. The invasion process and the formation of the parasitophorous vacuole are mediated by characteristic organelles within the apical complex. During invasion, the parasitophorous-vacuole membrane is manipulated by the parasite and functions later in the development cycle as a molec...