Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) is one of the antimicrobials of choice for the treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. The analysis of mutants either lacking or overexpressing the efflux pump SmeDEF shows that this efflux pump contributes to intrinsic and acquired co-trimoxazole resistance in S. maltophilia. Since SmeDEF can extrude a variety of antibiotics, selecti...

Multidrug efflux pumps contribute to multiple antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pump expression usually has been quantified by Western blotting. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction has been developed to measure mRNA expression for genes of interest. Whether this method correlates with pump protein quantities is unclear. We devised a real-time PCR for mRNA expression ...

The resistance-nodulation-cell division family (RND) efflux pumps exemplify a unique phenomenon with drug resistance in different gram negative bacterial strains as a single mechanism causing resistance against several different classes of antibiotics. In Escherichia coli AG102 and Acinetobacter baumannii SBMox2 strains the well characterized RND efflux pumps are AcrAB-TolC and the AdeABC respe...

21 Bacterial efflux pumps have been traditionally studied as low-level drug 22 resistance determinants. Recent insights have suggested that efflux systems are 23 often involved with fundamental cellular physiological processes, suggesting that 24 drug extrusion may be a secondary function. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis little 25 is known about the physiological or drug resistance roles of efflu...

ACTIVE LI EFFLUX FROM HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES WAS SHOWN TO BE MEDIATED BY THE NA/K PUMP: (i) intracellular Li (Li(c)) activated ouabain-sensitive K influx, and (ii) a portion of the Li efflux required external K and was inhibited by ouabain. In activating K influx, Li(c) interacts with the pump like Na rather than like K-depleting the cells of orthophosphate inhibited activation of K influx by intra...

Polysubstituted pyrrole natural products, lamellarins, are known to overcome multi-drug resistance in cancer via the inhibition of p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) efflux pumps. Herein, a series of simplified polysubstituted pyrroles, prepared via a one-pot domino protocol, were screened for P-gp inhibition in P-gp overexpressing human adenocarcinoma LS-180 cell...

Current biofuel production methods use engineered bacteria to break down cellulose and convert it to biofuel. A major challenge in microbial fuel production is that increasing biofuel yields can be limited by the toxicity of the biofuel to the organism that is producing it. Previous research has demonstrated that efflux pumps are effective at increasing tolerance to various biofuels. However, w...

OBJECTIVES Enterobacteriaceae have multiple efflux pumps that confer intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. AcrB mediates clinically relevant multidrug resistance and is required for virulence and biofilm formation, making it an attractive target for the design of inhibitors. The aim of this study was to assess the viability of single transporters as a target for efflux inhibition using Salmonell...

Genes (ebrAB) responsible for ethidium resistance were cloned from chromosomal DNA of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9372. The recombinant plasmid produced elevated resistance against ethidium bromide, acriflavine, pyronine Y, and safranin O not only in Escherichia coli but also in B. subtilis. It also caused an elevated energy-dependent efflux of ethidium in E. coli. EbrA and EbrB showed high sequence...