the purpose of this study was to show types and extent of offensive behaviors at soccer stadiums and to test the relationship between personal factors, spectators, verbal behavior of stadium executives and staff, sport media biases, modeling from famous team spectators, refereeing the matches, and win-oriented spectators with offensive behavior of the spectators. a total of 727 researcher-made ...

The recent point-counter-point exchange arising from the article by Mendez-Villanueva and Buchheit (Mendez-Villanueva A, & Buchheit M. (2013) Football-specific fitness testing: adding value or confirming the evidence? Journal of Sports Sciences, 31, 1503-1508) generated an interesting debate on the real world utility of fitness testing in professional association football (soccer). In the prese...

This research project looks at professional football sponsorship from three different perspectives: the clubs' perspective (sponsorship as an income stream for professional football clubs), the sponsors' perspective (sponsorship as a marketing tool for companies), and a joint perspective (sponsorship as an inter-organisational relationship between professional football clubs and their sponsors)...

Despite their importance, referees are an often overlooked part of professional football. Referees integral the global game and required for fixtures to take place competitions occur. The English Premier League (EPL) provides a unique backdrop consider development within league, from formation up until present day. have dealt with numerous changes, developments technological advancements contin...

In this paper, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we have measured the technical efficiency of cricket teams in the Indian Premier League. Taking the data for the 2009 season, the input used by the teams is approached by the total expenses which include players’ wage bill and wage of the support staff and other miscellaneous expenses. Output is measured by the points awarded, net run ra...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical demands of English Football Association (FA) Premier League soccer of three different positional classifications (defender, midfielder and striker). Computerised time-motion video-analysis using the Bloomfield Movement Classification was undertaken on the purposeful movement (PM) performed by 55 players. Recognition of PM had a good inter-t...

The aim of the present study was to examine physical fitness differences between Freestyle and Greco-Roman junior wrestlers. One hundred twenty-six junior wrestlers, comprising 70 Freestyle and 56 Greco-Roman wrestlers, participated in this study. The somatic and physical fitness profile included body mass, body height, body mass index, body composition, flexibility, maximal anaerobic power of ...