OBJECTIVE To assess the cost effectiveness of different screening strategies for abdominal aortic aneurysm in men, from the perspective of a national health service. SETTING Screening units at regional hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Hypothetical cohort of 65 year old men from the general population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Costs (£ in 2010) and effect on health outcomes (quality adjusted life year...

BACKGROUND The absence of trial evidence makes it impossible to determine whether or not mass screening for lung cancer would be cost effective and, indeed, whether a clinical trial to investigate the problem would be justified. Attempts have been made to resolve this issue by modelling, although the complex models developed to date have required more real-world data than are currently availabl...

Background: This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the cost-effectiveness of three therapeutic methods of long-term hemodialysis, kidney transplant from a living person and kidney transplant from a cadaver utilizing Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) using data from the records of patients referred to Afzalipour Hospital of Kerman in 2012.   Methods: This cross-sectional...

background: the rabies is one of the most important officially-known viral zoonotic diseases for its global distribution, outbreak, high human and veterinary costs, and high death rate and causes high economic costs in different countries of the world every year. the rabies is the deadliest disease and if the symptoms break out in a person, one will certainly die. however, the deaths resulting ...

OBJECTIVES To determine and compare the cost-effectiveness of implementing 3 screening strategies to detect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among pregnant women in Chicago, Illinois: no screening, voluntary screening, and universal screening. METHODS A decision-analysis model was developed, using standard cost-effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective. Reference case est...

BACKGROUND Previous modeling studies on treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms largely disregarded detailed data on treatment risks and omitted several factors that could influence cost-effectiveness. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of surgical and endovascular treatment of unruptured aneurysms for different rupture rates and life expectancies, and assessed the influence of e...

Coherent dual comb spectroscopy can provide high-resolution, high-accuracy measurements of a sample response in both magnitude and phase. We discuss the achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to both additive white noise and multiplicative noise, and the corresponding sensitivity limit for trace gas detection. We show that sequential acquisition of the overall spectrum through a tunable fil...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of installing sidewalks to increase levels of transport-walking. METHODS Secondary analysis using logistic regression established the association of sidewalks with transport-walking using two transport-walking thresholds of 150 and 60 min/week using Western Australian data (n=1394) from 1995 to 2000. Minimum, moderate and maximum interv...

BACKGROUND To improve care for children in district hospitals in Kenya, a multifaceted approach employing guidelines, training, supervision, feedback, and facilitation was developed, for brevity called the Emergency Triage and Treatment Plus (ETAT+) strategy. We assessed the cost effectiveness of the ETAT+ strategy, in Kenyan hospitals. Further, we estimate the costs of scaling up the intervent...

A discussion of minimum possible antenna quality factor ( ) is first presented in the paper. Based on the spherical wave function theory, the maximum possible ratios of gain to for both directional antenna and omnidirectional antenna are examined and new upper limits for both cases have been obtained. Universally applicable numerical results and some related discussions are also included in the...