OBJECTIVES School-based anti-tobacco education using the "social influences" model is known to reduce smoking among youth by 5-56%. Program effectiveness, however, dissipates in 1-4 years. Consequently, opinion leaders have questioned whether a more intensive national educational effort would be economically efficient. To address this question, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of enhanced na...

INTRODUCTION Financing of malaria control for displaced populations is limited in scope and duration, making cost-effectiveness analyses relevant but difficult. This study analyses cost-effectiveness of adding prevention through targeted indoor residual spraying (IRS) to case management in Afghan refugee settlements in Pakistan during a prolonged malaria epidemic. METHODS/FINDINGS An interven...

BACKGROUND Measles control has succeeded worldwide, and many countries have substantially reduced incidence and mortality. This has led to consideration of the feasibility of measles elimination in Uganda within the context of global eradication. Before an elimination program is initiated, it is important to consider its potential economic impact, including its cost-effectiveness. METHODS Inc...

As in the U.S., there is no unified national formulary in Saudi Arabia, so individual institutions must develop their own medication lists. A Saudi health system's strategy for maintaining formulary safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness is described.

Finding better mechanisms to enable differential pricing that reflects different degrees of willingness to pay across countries with different income levels is an important challenge for drug manufacturers and policy makers. Drug prices must be high enough to meet manufacturers' needs--covering costs and ensuring adequate investment in research and development, as well as producing a profit--bu...

BACKGROUND Psychological therapy groups for people with dementia are widely used, but their cost-effectiveness has not been explored. AIMS To investigate the cost-effectiveness of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) programme for people with dementia as part of a randomised controlled trial. METHOD A total of 91 people with dementia, living in care homes or the community, ...

Medical technology assessment, which traditionally has involved evaluating whether a technology was safe and effective, has been expanded in recent years to include consideration of cost-effectiveness. While most analysts and policymakers would agree that cost-effectiveness is, in principle, a worthy goal, actually using such a standard in coverage decisions is much more difficult. This Comment...

On the basis of clinical trial data, 13 strategies for initial screening (filtering) for colorectal cancer are modeled for the purpose of economic evaluation. A wide range of detection cost estimates are generated, although ranking options by detection cost ignores the important consideration of undetected cancers. Formulating the problem as one of cost-effectiveness, however, allows the author...