The Problem: The simulated evolution of virtual creatures has produced many intriguing demonstrations, providing simple locomotion abilities and strategies for simple competetive games. However, to achieve a richer set of behaviours, adaptation within the individual’s lifetime is being explored. Can evolution be used to learn domain specific rules for solving the credit assignment problem and s...

The lifetime of quasars can be estimated by means their proximity zone sizes, which are regions enhanced flux blueward the Ly? emission line observed in rest-frame UV spectra high-redshift because intergalactic gas has a finite response time to quasars' radiation. We estimate effective quasar population from composite transmitted profile within region sample 15 at 5.8 ? z 6.6 with precise syste...

nowadays, wireless sensor network has been of interest to investigators and the greatest challenge in this part is the limited energy of sensors. sensors usually are in the harsh environments and transit in these environments is hard and impossible and moreover the nodes use non- replaceable batteries. because of this, saving energy is very important. in this paper we tried to decrease hard and...

This paper introduces measures of information for Bayesian analysis when the support of data distribution is truncated progressively. The focus is on the lifetime distributions where the support is truncated at the current age t>=0. Notions of uncertainty and information are presented and operationalized by Shannon entropy, Kullback-Leibler information, and mutual information. Dynamic updatings...

Recently, ball lightning models based on MHD force balance equation have been proposed. An upper bound for the magnetic energy for these models is presented. The possibility of weakly ionized plasma models is considered with estimates on lifetime and energy concent. The lifetime is found to be too short, if the electron-neutral and ion-neutral effective collision frequencies behaver in the usua...

Due to the rapid development of technology in recent years, market competition and customer expectations have increased more than ever. In this situation, it is vital for businesses survival to determine the appropriate policy for inventory control, pricing, and routing, and decisions regarding each of them are often made separately. If the products have a perishable nature, it will be more imp...

If negotiations about value are essentially political (Graeber 2001:115), our understanding of past political systems is illuminated by an understanding of how and through what processes value is attributed to objects in a particular context. We cannot examine this “object value” through a focus on only one attribute or set of attributes, such as scarcity of raw material or labor investment, bu...

When aiming to ensure the long-term usage of digital objects, it is important to carefully select what information to keep, considering also what lives outside of them. In the PERICLES project we start by analysing how such information has been described in related work, considering common definitions of metadata, context, significant properties and environment, and we come to the conclusion th...