The present essay illustrates the methodological and theoretical premises of an emerging 8 research area carrying out both ethological and (bio)ethical implications: the ethology of the freed 9 animal (EFA). Unlike existing ethological fields, EFA focuses neither on non human (NH) animals 10 in natural conditions of freedom in their own environment, nor on NH animals kept in conditions 11 of “c...

The high concentration of lipide material in mitochondria (l-3) suggests that the enzyme activity in the mitochondria may be particularly associated with the presence of lipide. Burr and Beber (4) have reported that animals fed a fat-deficient diet possess a significantly higher metabolic rate than comparable controls. In previous studies of the rale of essential fatty acids in metabolism, Kunk...

BACKGROUND Adequate intake of essential fatty acids (EFAs) is required for optimal development of the central nervous system and visual acuity in infants. Little information exists regarding the EFA status of vulnerable populations living in Southern regions. OBJECTIVE We examined the adequacy of EFA status in Cuban breast-feeding mothers and their infants. DESIGN Blood and breast-milk samp...

Several lines of evidence have implicated the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway in altered brain function resulting from exposure to early adversity. The present study examined the impact of early life adversity on different stages of neuronal reward processing later in life and their association with a related behavioral phenotype, i.e. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 162 hea...

Proper use of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) requires the researcher to make a series of careful decisions. Despite attempts by Floyd and Widaman (1995), Fabrigar, Wegener, MacCallum, and Strahan (1999), and others to elucidate critical issues involved in these decisions, examples of questionable use of EFA are still common in the applied factor analysis literature. Poor decisions regarding ...

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the use and quality of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in articles published in Rehabilitation Psychology. DESIGN Trained raters examined 66 separate exploratory factor analyses in 47 articles published between 1999 and April 2014. The raters recorded the aim of the EFAs, the distributional statistics, sample size, factor retention method(s), extractio...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the inter-rater reliability of the Early Functional Abilities (EFA) scale. DESIGN An observational study of inter-rater reliability in an open cohort. PATIENTS Twenty-four patients with traumatic brain injury in need of medical or surgical intervention in the early rehabilitation section of the intensive care unit. METHODS The EFA was assessed by 4 different profe...

BACKGROUND Essential fatty acids (EFAs) in umbilical cord blood samples are associated with attained birth weight in premature infants and low-birth-weight neonates. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate relations between the EFA composition of cord and maternal plasma phospholipids and birth weight in term neonates. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study in 627 singletons born at ter...

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; S. O. Lilienfeld, 1990; S. O. Lilienfeld & B. P. Andrews, 1996) with a community sample has suggested that the PPI subscales may comprise 2 higher order factors (S. D. Benning, C. J. Patrick, B. M. Hicks, D. M. Blonigen, & R. F. Krueger, 2003). However, substantive and structural evidence raises concerns about the...

The activity of the enzyme system involved in desaturation of palmitic and stearic acid has been examined in lungs of rats fed fat-free diets supplemented either with 4% safflower oil (controls) or 4% tripalmitin (essential fatty acid (EFA) deficient) both in vivo and in vitro in lung slices. Desaturation, as measured by appearance of 14C-labeled monounsaturated fatty acid in pulmonary total li...