background: panoramic imaging is one of the most common imaging methods in dentistry. regarding the side-effects of ionizing radiation, it is necessary to survey different aspects and details of panoramic imaging. in this study, we compared the absorbed x-ray dose around two panoramic x-ray units: pm 2002 cc proline (planmeca, helsinki, finland) and cranex tome (soredex, helsinki, finland). mat...

background: artemisinin is commonly used for the treatment of malaria, but recently has been considered as a potential substance to control poultry coccidiosis. objectives: the aim of the present study was to determine the tissue distribution of artemisinin following single or multiple oral administration of different doses in broiler chickens. methods: a total number of 390 one day old ross br...

background: dose calculation algorithms play a very important role in predicting the explicit dose distribution. we evaluated the percent depth dose (pdd), lateral depth dose profile, and surface dose volume histogram in inhomogeneous media using calculation algorithms and inhomogeneity correction methods. materials and methods: the homogeneous and inhomogeneous virtual slab phantoms used in th...

following experimental inoculation of 3-week-old turkeys with different titres (106, 104, 103, 102 and 101 egg infectious dose (eid50)) of a/ostrich/italy/984/2000 h7n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv), the selected tissues and organs were examined for pathological changes. tissue samples from different organs that obtained from dead and sacrificed birds were fixed in 10% neutral...

background: breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading global cause of cancer death among women worldwide. radiotherapy plays a significant role in treatment of breast cancer and reduces locoregional recurrence and eventually improves survival. the treatment fields applied for breast cancer treatment include: tangential, axillary, supraclavicular and internal mammary ...

background: gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agents for cancer therapy and are being investigated as drug carriers, photothermal agents, contrast agents and radiosensitisers. objective: the aim of this study is to understand characteristics of secondary electrons generated from interaction of gold nanoparticles gnps with x-rays as a function of nanoparticle size and beam energy and ...

background: accelerated partial breast irradiation via interstitial balloon brachytherapy is a fast and effective treatment method for certain early stage breast cancers however skin, chest wall and lung doses are correlated with toxicity in patients treated with breast brachytherapy. objective: to investigate the percentage of the dose received by critical organ (skin), thermoluminescence dete...

one of the applications of gold nanoparticles (gnps) in medicine is radiation dose-enhancing effect. although there are many simulations, in vitro and in vivo evidence that gnps can enhance significantly the radiation dose effect of orthovoltage beams. these beams compared with megavoltage (mv) beams, have limited applications in radiotherapy. in order to evaluate gnps radiosensitization perfor...

noise pollution can be considered as the most important problem of urban environmental management in mega metropolises and urban transportation is the main source of the mentioned problem. this study aims to investigate the amount of traffic noise dose received by traffic policemen in tehran; district 1 municipality. the investigation was conducted during three consecutive months in 2007 in 282...

background: the present work aims to study the out-of-field photon calculation accuracy of a commercial treatment planning system (tps), oncentra, for three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3d-crt) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (imrt) treatment techniques from elekta synergy medical linear accelerator. materials and methods: accuracy of individual out-of-field dose components was...