knowledge, and depictive representations are best for drawing inferences because they are informationally complete. Any choice of representations in visual learning materials must take into account not only the function of the representation, but also the prior knowledge of the learners who will be using the materials. There is evidence that the cognitive load associated with depictive, iconic ...

Socioeconomic position consistently predicts coronary heart disease; however, the biologic mechanisms that may mediate this association are not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether socioeconomic position (measured as educational level) is associated with inflammatory risk factors for coronary heart disease, including C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, soluble in...

BACKGROUND Childhood socio-economic position (SEP) is associated with adult smoking status. Previous studies have investigated mediation by educational attainment. The aim of this study is to examine whether childhood psychosocial factors (cognitive ability, psychosocial adjustment and parental involvement) are important in the association between childhood SEP and adult smoking status over and...

The paper took a semi-grounded theory approach to develop a comprehensive framework of critical factors in adopting podcasting for educational use and showed how these critical adoption factors differ for two groups of users: faculty and students. The paper is theory-rich as it was based on synthesized technology adoption models (i.e., TAM3 and UTAUT) and yet uncovered new adoption determinants...

This research presents an approach to the improvement to the hedonic qualities of user performance in web interfaces based on the principles of emotional design. It addresses the issue of how emotional factors can be integrated into the communication between users and the web systems. The paper describes factors that can be used in emotion recognition for adaptation upon the user’s emotions in ...

The relationship between family socio-economic status (SES) and the academic performance of children is well established in sociological research. While there is disagreement over how best to measure SES, most studies indicate that children from low SES families do not perform as well as they potentially could at school compared to children from high SES families (Graetz, 1995). Most studies, h...

A clinical and family study was carried out in 169 children attending schools for the mildly mentally retarded in Southampton to assess the prevalence of recognised medical risk factors; 71 children (42%) had such risk factors. These were prenatal in 22, perinatal in 41, and postnatal in eight. Risk factors of possible, but less certain, significance were found in a further 63 children (37%). I...