BACKGROUND Completion of secondary education is important for individuals' future health and health behaviour. The fundamental purpose of this study is to investigate the variation and clustering of school completion in families and neighbourhoods. Secondly, we aim to examine the impact of individuals' family structure and neighbourhood of residence and examine to what extent parental education...

1. Chronic pain, insomnia and fatigue affect a substantial proportion of the Hong Kong general population; as much as a quarter of the adult population experience one of these chronic symptoms. The prevalence of comorbidity is also high, impacting nearly one-third of the adult population. This is a considerable burden to society in terms of individual suffering and disability and to the health ...

BACKGROUND Life expectancy at birth in the United States will likely surpass 80 years in the coming decade. Yet recent studies suggest that longevity gains are unevenly shared across age and socioeconomic groups. First, mortality in midlife has risen among non-Hispanic whites. Second, low-educated whites have suffered stalls (men) or declines (women) in adult life expectancy, which is significa...

Individuals with a higher education are more likely to migrate, increasing the chance of meeting a spouse with a different ancestral background. In this context, the presence of strong educational assortment can result in greater ancestry differences within more educated spouse pairs, while less educated individuals are more likely to mate with someone with whom they share more ancestry. We exa...

Explaining why fertility declines as populations modernize is a profound theoretical challenge. It remains unclear whether the fundamental drivers are economic or cultural in nature. Cultural evolutionary theory suggests that community-level characteristics, for example average education, can alter how low-fertility preferences are transmitted and adopted. These assumptions have not been empiri...

BACKGROUND Overall declines in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mortality may mask patterns for subgroups, and prior studies of disparities in mortality have used area-level vs individual-level socioeconomic status measures. The aim of this study was to examine temporal trends in HIV mortality by sex, race/ethnicity, and individual level of education (as a proxy for socioeconomic status). M...

Unemployment is a problem that often faced by every country, including Indonesia. The phenomenon of unemployment in Indonesia shows highly educated population does not necessarily have job, especially the young age group. This study aims to determine factors affect used variable levels education, training, experience, major gender, geographical area and urban/rural classification. Using Nationa...