The spin-Hall effect in a ballistic 2D electron gas with Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling and smooth edge confinement is studied. We predict that the interplay of semiclassical electron motion and quantum dynamics of spins leads to several distinct features in spin density along the edge that originate from the accumulation of turning points from many classical trajectories. A strong peak is fou...

potential fields are due to complex distribution of sources related to susceptibility and mass density variations for magnetic and gravity field respectively. in researching the lateral heterogeneous of different geological bodies, in particular their edge location potential field has some advantages. we mainly refer to linear features such as fault, folding axis, dyke, trend and border of the ...

We consider Hermite and Laguerre β-ensembles of large N × N random matrices. For all β even, corrections to the limiting global density are obtained, and the limiting density at the soft edge is evaluated. We use the saddle point method on multidimensional integral representations of the density which are based on special realizations of the generalized (multivariate) classical orthogonal polyn...

There are two critical challenges which determine the array density of 3D RRAM: 1) the scaling limit in both horizontal and vertical directions; 2) the integration of selector devices in 3D structure. In this work, we present a novel 3D RRAM structure using low-dimensional materials, including 2D graphene and 1D carbon nanotube (CNT), as the edge electrodes. A two-layer 3D RRAM with monolayer g...

While two-dimensional (2D) topological insulators (TI's) initiated the field of topological materials, only very few materials were discovered to date and the direct access to their quantum spin Hall edge states has been challenging due to material issues. Here, we introduce a new 2D TI material, Sb few layer films. Electronic structures of ultrathin Sb islands grown on Bi2Te2Se are investigate...

BACKGROUND Differences in needle design may impact nerve localization. This study evaluates the electrical properties of two insulated Tuohy needles using computational finite element modeling. METHODS Three-dimensional geometric computer-based models were created representing two 18-gauge, insulated Tuohy needles: (1) with an exposed metal tip and (2) with an insulated tip. The models were p...

The application of lower hybrid waves (LH) in H-mode plasmas on Alcator C-Mod can result in significant reduction of core particle inventory, with no significant degradation of energy confinement. This phenomenon has been observed in steady enhanced Dα (EDA) H-mode targets, which are sustained by ion cyclotron RF auxiliary heating, in which pedestal density nped is usually tied firmly to plasma...

A path to a new high performance regime has been discovered in tokamaks that could improve the attractiveness of a fusion reactor. Experiments on DIII-D using a quiescent H-mode edge have navigated a valley of improved edge peeling-ballooning stability that opens up with strong plasma shaping at high density, leading to a doubling of the edge pressure over the standard H mode with edge localize...

The constant rate birth-death process is a popular null model for speciation and extinction. If one removes extinct and non-sampled lineages, this process induces 'reconstructed trees' which describe the relationship between extant lineages. We derive the probability density of the length of a randomly chosen pendant edge in a reconstructed tree. For the special case of a pure-birth process wit...

We study the influence of different edge types on the electronic density of states of graphene nanostructures. To this end we develop an exact expansion for the single particle Green’s function of ballistic graphene structures in terms of multiple reflections from the system boundary, that allows for a natural treatment of edge effects. We first apply this formalism to calculate the average den...