This work is focused on the preparation of an innovative gluten-free (GF) bread with remarkable softness and antioxidant features over time. To overcome technological inconveniences related to removal gluten from bread, kefir beverage fortified vegetable extracts employed as a functional ingredient in bread-making process. In this context, carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) leaves represent outstandi...

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an underutilized traditional crop in the Mediterranean regions that has gained much interest due to its high nutritional traits and resilience drought salinity. However, conventional methods of carob propagation are not enough meet increasing market demands. The present study analyzes what extent benzyl adenine (BA) treatments (0.1, 0.5 1.0 mg L−1) alone or combi...

Abstract Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) is a relevant element of the Mediterranean spontaneous vegetation. Moreover, it useful in reforestation, and currently re-valued for sustainable agriculture dryland areas. However, difficulties tied to carob propagation (mainly seed dormancy) hamper its large-scale cultivation. In this paper, effects four treatments (no treatment [control], soaking at 70 °...