economic policies need to be analyzed within consistent and coherent framework. in the absence of an operational framework the policy analyst is confronted with an indeterminate model to work with. this paper intends to offer a specific framework for economic-environment integration to highlight the role of economic policy and environment in sustainable development for the purpose of empiri...

The paper discusses aspects of a project that strives to base an understanding of what economics call “productivity” on a complexity theoretic foundation. The core thesis of this project is that productivity can best be grasped by referring to two features commonly associated with knowledge “nonreducibility in consumption” and “time preference”. The paper in hand focuses on theoretical aspects ...

background: sediments are inseparable fractions of wetland ecosystems that work as a his-torical archive in the process of recording heavy metal aggregation changes. this study was carried out for assessing co, ni, and zn in sediment samples of mighan wetland using geo-accumulation index in 2013. methods:the sediment samples were taken from 11 stations. the samples were subjected to bulk digest...

transaction cost economics (tce), as a subset of new institutional economics (nie), is the combination of economics, organization and law. noble prize in 2009 was dedicated to oliver williamson who was the most popular face in the economics as tce main contributor. in tce, the main issues on the one hand is how institutions follow characteristics of transactions, on the other hand, the making o...

In spite of sonic pessimistic attitudes towards methodology of economics, it has succeeded as a central theme in numerous books, refereed journals, international conferences and symposiums whose volume is increasing at an unprecedented rate. The proliferation of methodological literature also is accompanied by a proliferation of issues that concern: the goals of economics, realism of economics,...

Digital twins (DTs) have emerged as a paradigm for the virtual representation of complex systems alongside their underlying hardware. We investigate benefits Amazon, Eclipse, and Microsoft DT platforms assess extent to which they meet standard requirements.

his paper investigates the conformity of market participants’ decisions with the Islamic codes of conduct from the economic and philosophical perspectives. At the outset, the contributions of the renowned contemporary Muslim philosophers on the epistemological issues between the “is” and the “ought” are presented. Subsequently, a synthesized construct that would resolve the dichotomy between th...