This study examines the valuation effects of anti-money laundering (AML) enforcement actions and Office Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) economic sanction violations on U.S. financial institutions (FIs). Using a hand-collected sample 308 issued between 2000 to 2018, results show that civil money penalty (CMP) adversely affects bank's value in next quarter. Neither magnitude, nor type AML-OFAC viol...

Research from environmental criminology, policing, and related literatures consistently finds that objective conditions to risk of apprehension affect crime. The mechanism underlying this relationship is not explicitly tested; instead, perceptual deterrence assumed. In analysis we investigate mechanism. This test straightforward, however, as some research shows perceptions are susceptible vario...

The carbon-dense peatlands of Indonesia are a landscape global importance undergoing rapid land-use change. Here, peat drained for agricultural expansion increases the risk large-scale uncontrolled fires. Several solutions to this complex environmental, humanitarian and economic crisis have been proposed, such as forest protection measures support. However, numerous programmes largely failed. B...

Partner sanction in this study is a form/tactic of violence, much like verbal and physical violence, which partners use toward each other during their conflicts. The partner sanction embodies a temporary deprivation of a mutually agreed-on right. The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical and operational framework of sanctions partners use. The study sampled 74 heterosexual couples f...

The discourse of class is a child of the Enlightenment. It was from the mid eighteenth century that ‘class’ as a term descriptive of social distinctions slid into the languages of western Europe. Initially its intellectual appeal owed much to its apparent analytical neutrality. It facilitated the Enlightenment project of exploring the nature and historical development of human society. Yet its ...

â â â  â  â  abstract â  this paper aims to identify key challenges facing iran and south korea in their bilateral trade and investment relations. in particular, it is concerned with the policy implications which can be useful for policy makers and business people of both countries. for this purpose, we review and analyze the recent developments of the iranian economy and bilateral trade and in...

Popular press accounts and the political-economics literature link awarding 2010 Nobel Peace Prize to a Chinese dissident China's trade sanction on Norway's whole, fresh/chilled salmon exports. Norway lost its dominant supplier share of market as total exports China decreased. Then, in 2011, Vietnam dramatically increased imports Norwegian salmon. A structural break divides data series into two...

In this article, the authors examine workforce issues in nursing. From their discussion, they recommend that qualified nurses should sanction the further training of support workers to enable them to spend more time in direct patient care.