The Venture capital is the life blood of new industry in the financial market today. Venture capital is the money provided by professionals who invest alongside management in young, rapidly growing companies that have the potential to develop into significant economic contributors. Venture capital is an important source of equity for start-up companies. Venture capital can be visualized as “you...

Regulatory capital guidelines allow for loan loss reserves to be added back as capital. The evidence in this paper suggests that the influence of loan loss reserves added back as regulatory capital (hereafter referred to as “add-backs”) on bank risk cannot be explained by either economic principles underlying the notion of capital, or accounting principles underlying the recording of reserves. ...

Since the opening-up of China’s economy, its capital markets have grown fairly rapidly, albeit from a small base. These markets provide a growing source of funds to support China’s economic growth; at the same time, they have become one of the driving forces for a series of important economic and social reforms. These markets have undergone three periods of development over the past three decad...

This paper presents a simple model of human capital, ideas, and economic growth that integrates contributions from several different strands of the growth literature. The model generates a regression specification that is very similar to that employed by Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992), but the economics underlying the specification is very different. In particular, the model emphasizes the impor...

In this study, a multisectoral neo-classical type price driven CGE model, with the additional feature that it includes a mechanism by which public education expenditure to build human capital augments the supply of educated/skilled labour, is used to analyse the impact of an increase in the former, financed by an increase in direct tax rates, on economic growth and income distribution in the In...

W HAT are appropriate penalties to discourage capital flight? Economic punishments can serve as effective deterrents for economic crimes but the penalties themselves are often costly to impose and enforce. Good public policy must take these costs into account in addition to the effectiveness of punishment schemes. In order to construct a deterrent to economically motivated behaviour, the enviro...

This study examines the role of human capital formation in economic growth in Pakistan by using the secondary data for the period of 197273 to 2010-11. The results implied that education enrollment (proxy for human capital), health and physical capital are important to boost the economic growth in Pakistan. Human capital, fixed capital and employed labor force affect the GDP and result in unidi...

Social capital refers to trust, norms, and social networks. One of the most important features of social capital is its claimed capacity of promoting economic well-being. Theorists have assumed that any such effects vary according to the nature of different types of social capital. Using longitudinal data from a nationally representative dataset, this study investigates the differentiated effec...

The Lisbon strategy has prioritized socio-economic issues in the European development. Through the Lisbon strategy together with the Gothenburg strategy Europe is striving for a balance between the social, economic and ecological dimension of sustainable development. In research the social dimension did only get limited attention because it is difficult to conceptualize. Politicians have diffic...