Ecological studies have been evaluated in epidemiological contexts in terms of the "ecological fallacy." Although the empirical evidence for a lack of comparability between correlations derived from ecological- and individual-level analyses is compelling, the conceptual meaning of the ecological fallacy remains problematic. This paper argues that issues in cross-level inference can be usefully ...

Ecological opportunity is any change that allows populations to escape selection from competition and predation. After encountering ecological opportunity, populations may experience ecological release: enlarged population size, broadened resource use, and/or increased morphological variation. We identified ecological opportunity and tested for ecological release in three lizard colonists of Wh...

Citation: Voss R, Quaas MF, Stoeven MT, Schmidt JO, Tomczak MT and Möllmann C (2017) Ecological-Economic Fisheries Management Advice—Quantification of Potential Benefits for the Case of the Eastern Baltic COD Fishery. Front. Mar. Sci. 4:209. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00209 Ecological-Economic Fisheries Management Advice—Quantification of Potential Benefits for the Case of the Eastern Baltic COD F...

With current new urban developments, no balance can be found between green spaces and open areas present within urban networks and natural land patterns since urban networks are dominating ecological networks. Accordingly, one of the major tasks of urban and regional planners is the optimal land use allocation to urban green spaces. Therefore, to achieve this goal in this research, locations of...

Sampling ecological interactions presents similar challenges, problems, potential biases, and constraints as sampling individuals and species in biodiversity inventories. Robust estimates of the actual number of interactions (links) among free-living species within diversified ecological networks require adequate sampling effort that needs to be explicitly gauged, yet we still lack a sampling t...

and Applied Analysis 3 TM images MODIS Meteorogical data Other dataset Landuse NDVI Precipitation Temperature Wind DEM Soil Dataset of study area Soil erosion sensitivity Soil desertification sensitivity Landscape unit plaques density Landscape evenness index Land utilization degree composite index Ecological suitability index Land resources utilization degree index Ecological vulnerability in ...

Ecologists and economists both use models to help develop strategies for biodiversity management. The practical use of disciplinary models, however can be limited because ecological models tend not to address the socioeconomic dimension of biodiversity management, whereas economic models tend to neglect the ecological dimension. Given these shortcomings of disciplinary models, there is a necess...

In South Texas, the impacts of increased temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) on the ecological relationships that provide the foundations for wildlife habitats and populations are potentially huge, but largely unknown at present. This is because little research attention has been paid to this issue, which is unfortunate because wildlife are culturally and economically important in...