BACKGROUND Measuring eCo is rapid, non-invasive and inexpensive tool and correlate correctly with carboxyhemoglobin levels in blood. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the increase in end tidal carbon monoxide (eCO) levels in exhaled breath of passive smokers and healthy smokers after cigarette and shisha smoking. FINDINGS In a cross sectional study eCO levels were measured in ...

At present, overseas and domestic eco-security early warning research is in the exploratory stage. This paper uses Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture as the research object and constructs an evaluation index system based on the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) conceptual model. This study analyzes eco-security early warning in the study area using the granger causality test model, the entropy...

With the increasing awareness of sustainability, eco-design has been an important trend in the fashion industry. Many fashion brands such as Nike, Adidas, and The North Face have developed sustainable fashion by incorporating eco-design elements. Eco-design is an important part of sustainable supply chains. In this paper, we conducted a product line analysis of eco-designed products from a famo...

This paper investigates the potential for eco-certification to improve livelihoods and conserve biodiversity in tropical countries, using the example of a traditional rubber agroforestry practice in Indonesia. Eco-certification has the potential to allow farmers to generate revenue streams by marketing environmental benefits of their practices. However, in the years since eco-certification firs...

This paper presents a novel approach for object detection using a feature construction method called Evolution-COnstructed (ECO) features. Most other object recognition approaches rely on human experts to construct features. ECO features are automatically constructed by uniquely employing a standard genetic algorithm to discover series of transforms that are highly discriminative. Using ECO fea...

The Chinese Loess Plateau is suffering from severe soil erosion. The eco-environmental changes of the plateau have attracted considerable attentions both from scientists and local governments. Aiming at the regional features of eco-environment and main environmental problems of Linfen City, the synthetic evaluation index system including Organism Abundance index, Vegetation Cover index, Water D...

This article explores the aesthetic implications of ecostructuralism. Eco-structuralism is a method of music composition that utilises the sonic features of natural sounds as structural elements in new compositions. This paper places eco-structuralism within an aesthetic and analytical framework. It explores views of aesthetics and nature and discusses how eco-structuralism is positioned in rel...

We have cloned two restriction enzyme fragments from the Hela cell line S3 which hybridize with the genomes of HPV-6 and 16 under conditions of reduced stringency (Tm-43°C). One of the fragments, a 5.7-kb Bam HI fragment, was found to be present within the other, a 15.8-kb Eco RI fragment. Restriction enzyme (RE) mapping of this 15.8-kb fragment (see Figure) revealed that the sequence of RE sit...

The general disenchantment with command-and-control mechanisms led to pressure to experiment with tools of deregulation which encourage the desired behaviour through financial incentives rather than through legal coercion. Eco-labelling can be seen as a representation of this trend to deregulate environmental protection by allowing industry to make the decision of whether or not to apply for th...

The world is now facing difficulties such as climate change, energy consumption and economic crisis and the green growth is commonly used as a solution to overcome that difficulties. To achieve the green growth eco-efficiency is a very important key. Studies on eco-efficiency have been done by others using financial value of product which cannot show the real value of the product. In this study...