We consider a single-item, periodic-review, serial, multi-echelon inventory system, with linear inventory holding and penalty costs. In order to facilitate shipment consolidation and capacity planning, we assume the system has implemented periodic batching: each stage is allowed to order at given equidistant times. Further, for each stage except the most downstream one, the reorder interval is ...

In this paper we tackle a two-echelon location-routing problem (2E-LRP) by a tabu search metaheuristic. The aim is to define the location and number of two kinds of capacitated facilities, the size of two different vehicle fleets and the related routes on each echelon. The proposed Tabu Search (TS) for the 2E-LRP is based on the decomposition of the problem in two location-routing sub-problems,...

multi-echelon inventory systems are one of the most important and attractive areas in modelling supply chain management so that several researches and studies have been done about. in this paper, the total cost function of a two-echelon inventory system with central warehouse and many identical retailers controlled by continuous review inventory policy is estimated. we have assumed the demand i...

This research introduces a new variant of the two-echelon vehicle routing problem (2EVRP) called with transshipment nodes and occasional drivers (2EVRP-TN-OD). In addition to city freighters in second-echelon network, set (ODs) is available serve customers. ODs are basis crowd-shipping system which crowds planned trips willing take detours deliver packages exchange for some compensation. To cus...

Multi-echelon inventory systems are one of the most important and attractive areas in modelling supply chain management so that several researches and studies have been done about. In this paper, the total cost function of a two-echelon inventory system with central warehouse and many identical retailers controlled by continuous review inventory policy is estimated. We have assumed the demand i...

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In considering route optimization from multiple distribution centers called depots via some intermediate facilities satellites to final customers with commodities request, we introduce the Multi-Commodity Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem Satellite Synchronization (MC-2E-VRPSS). The MC-2E-VRPSS involves transportation on first echelon and deliveries second e...

In this paper, we study novel variants of the well-known two-echelon vehicle routing problem in which a truck works on first echelon to transport parcels and fleet drones intermediate depots while second echelon, are used deliver from customers. The objective is minimize completion time instead transportation cost as classical problems. Depending context, drone can be launched at an depot once ...

We study when the operator f(Bw) is chaotic in the sense of Devaney on a Köthe echelon sequence space, where Bw is a weighted backward shift and f(z) = ∑∞ j=0 fjz j is a formal power series.

We consider in this paper a two echelon timber procurement system in which the first echelon consists of multiple harvesting blocks and the second echelon consists of multiple mills (e.g., sawmills), both distributed geographically. Demand is put forward by mills in the form of volumes of logs of specific length and species. Due to the impact of log handling and sorting on cut-to-length harvest...