Asavas and aristas are produced by fermentation. The usual fermenting period as per the texts is one month. But the Ayurvedic practitioners believe that prolonged incubation results in increased alcohol content of the products. Candanasava was prepared and studied to examine whether these claims are tenable. Maximum alcohol production (9.8%) in 30 days was reached in the earthen pot. With the p...

1 Motivation The New Orleans area levee failures during Hurricane Katrina drew media attention to an important problem in Civil Engineering. The emphasis of our work is on earthen levees, dams, and embankments. A major cause of failures of such structures is overtopping, which causes erosion to the point of breaching the crest. Our research focuses on simulating the initial small-scale features...

The survival of the tropical crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus in earthen ponds under ambient winter temperatures was studied in the temperate zone in the central coastal plain of Israel. Four treatment groups in which sex and size were each tested at two levels were simultaneously run in Ž . four replicates over a period of 118 days 28 November 1996–26 March 1997 . Minimum and maximum water temp...

Concentrations of 6 different heavy metals and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in stormwater runoff and in the pond water of two Danish wet detention ponds. The pond water samples were analyzed for toxic effects, using the algae Selenastrum capricornutum as a test organism. Stormwater and pond water from a catchment with light industry showed high levels of heavy m...

Temporary-pond species can be expected to use environmental cues to predict the onset of adverse conditions, while permanent-pond species may be insensitive to such cues. Temperature is such a potential cue in temporary waterbodies, as it fluctuates more widely with decreasing pond size than in deeper permanent ponds. We compared the temperatureinduced response of a permanent-pond and a tempora...

Waste stabilization pond systems are widely used to treat animal wastes under highly variable hydraulic loading regimes. These systems have received limited research attention with regard to their hydrodynamic behaviour and the potential impact of shock hydraulic loading on their performance. In this study a two-stage dairy shed waste stabilisation pond system was topographically surveyed to de...

The present study describes the rearing and growth performance of Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) fry in experimental trial performed earthen pond ecosystem located adjacent to river Rupnarayan for developing in-situ protocol collected from wild sources. seed was during May, 2020 stocked two different ponds. One ponds provided with artificial feed another fed chicken offal raise production zooplankton...

In the United States, catfish are primarily farmed in earthen ponds, resulting an aquatic environment influenced both by management practices and natural ecological processes. Profiling pond water microbiota can be useful for understanding what conditions may lead to microbial communities associated with production issues could inform practices. The aim of this study was identify appropriate me...