Approximately 5 million people in America are affected by essential tremors (ET), which are classified as a type of benign movement disorder. This disease manifests as tremors that usually occur in the hands, but they may also be present in the head, face, tongue, and lower limbs. Radiofrequency thalamotomy (RF) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) are common invasive procedures with proven track r...

Holmes' (rubral or midbrain) tremor is an unusual combination of 2 Hz to 5 Hz rest, postural, and kinetic tremors of an upper extremity. This tremor has been considered to result from the lesions in the vicinity of the red nucleus in the midbrain. There has been no systematic analysis of the surgical target in the Holmes' tremor so far of nucleus ventrointermedius (Vim) or globus pallidus inter...

Physiological tremors reduce the precision of surgeons during microsurgery. Active cancellation of tremor will improve the results of microsurgery. It will also lead to the development of more sophisticated surgical procedures, previously considered difficult to perform. Tele-robotic systems, steady-hand robot and Micron active hand-held instrument are currently existing techniques for tremor c...

Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) are the two most common movement disorders. Both have been associated with similar patterns of network activation leading to the suggestion that they may result from similar network dysfunction, specifically involving the cerebellum. Here, we demonstrate that parkinsonian tremors and ETs result from distinct patterns of interactions between neu...

Recent results in retinal research have shown that ganglion receptive fields cover the mammalian retina in a mosaic arrangement with very small overlap. Classical biology inspired models of the retina performing image processing operations such as edge-detection, in contrast, by using convolution of a filter and the image, map overlapping input image regions to output signals. Without such an o...