This paper presents a new procedure based on harmony search algorithm for probabilistic analysis of an earth slope. The stability analysis of earth slopes is a geotechnical problem characterized by various sources of uncertainty. Unlike the deterministic method, probabilistic method is capable of taking into account the uncertainties for slope safety assessment. In this study, the reliability i...

Large shield volcanoes and calderas are not observed on the Moon. Theoretical assessments show that melt ascending from the mantle will stall at rheological traps or at the shallower density trap at the base of the low-density lunar crust. Magma will then only reach the surface along dikes propagated from these deep reservoirs, and such events will be infrequent and characterized by very large-...

A new surface roughness/incision measure is introduced based on the difference between the upstream flow length for each cell of a digital elevation model (DEM) along the topographic surface and its projection onto a horizontal plane. The upstream flow lengths along topographic surface can be calculated in ArcGIS software using the Flow Length tool with the inverse of cosine of local slope as w...

Introduction: Utilizing all viable MSI color image sequences, we cataloged every resolvable spectral/albedo unit on Eros: high reflectance streaks, dark soils, ponded deposits and average regolith. This complete catalog increases our understanding of regolith processes on Eros and provides additional constraints on understanding the significance of compositional and maturity variations on airle...

Introduction: Martian gullies are defined by [1] to be slope features comprised of an upslope alcove, a midslope channel, and a downslope depositional fan. Due to their relative youth and similarities to waterrelated features on Earth, the Martian gullies have attracted much attention since their discovery by the Mars Orbiter Camera [1]. Many erosional agents for the gullies have been proposed ...

Let X be a norm curve in the SL(2,C)-character variety of a knot exterior M . Let t = ‖β‖/‖α‖ be the ratio of the Culler-Shalen norms of two distinct non-zero classes α, β ∈ H1(∂M,Z). We demonstrate that either X has exactly two associated strict boundary slopes ±t, or else there are strict boundary slopes r1 and r2 with |r1| > t and |r2| < t. As a consequence, we show that there are strict bou...

Prospective control of walking and running requires perceiving sloping surfaces that can and cannot support these activities. Two experiments on slant perception were conducted, motivated by the notion of geographical slant rather than optical slant, and by an affordance based description of surface layout. In Experiment 1, participants standing on a horizontal surface (the ground) adjusted the...

Among hemodialysis patients, the assessment of dry weight remains a matter of clinical judgment because tests to assess dry weight have not been validated. The objective of this study was to evaluate and validate relative plasma volume (RPV) monitoring as a marker of dry weight. We performed RPV monitoring using the Crit-Line monitor at baseline and at 8 weeks in 150 patients participating in t...

Three experiments investigated whether 14- and 15-month-old infants use information for both friction and slant for prospective control of locomotion down slopes. In Experiment 1, high- and low-friction conditions were interleaved on a range of shallow and steep slopes. In Experiment 2, friction conditions were blocked. In Experiment 3, the low-friction surface was visually distinct from the su...