Using a reaction time (RT) task, the biceps brachii muscle was investigated in five healthy subjects to determine whether EMG in the initial phase of activity is dependent upon the direction of movement, i.e., elbow flexion and forearm supination, and/or influenced by the presence or absence of warning signal. Results showed that in the presence of warning EMG-RT of forearm supination was faste...

Many animals are toxic or unpalatable and signal this to predators with warning signals (aposematism). Aposematic appearance has long been a classical system to study predator-prey interactions, communication and signalling, and animal behaviour and learning. The area has received considerable empirical and theoretical investigation. However, most research has centred on understanding the initi...

BACKGROUND Changes to physiological parameters precede deterioration of ill patients. Early warning and track and trigger systems (TTS) use routine physiological measurements with pre-specified thresholds to identify deteriorating patients and trigger appropriate and timely escalation of care. Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) are undiagnosed, undifferentiated and of varying ...

The delivery of user-tailored warning messages for heterogeneous user groups is a challenge rarely covered by hazard monitoring and early warning systems. While attention is mostly focused on sensor measurements and disaster prediction, warning message dissemination is often based on technical terminology and is not appropriate for the majority of interested user groups. This article describes ...

Early one morning last May, a commercial airliner was approaching El Paso International Airport, in West Texas, when warning popped up the cockpit: “GPS Position Lost.” The pilot contacted airline's operations center and received report that U.S. Army's White Sands Missile Range, South Central New Mexico, disrupting GPS signal. “We knew then it not an aircraft fault,” wrote later.

Evolution of conspicuous signals may be constrained if animal coloration has nonsignaling as well as signaling functions. In aposematic wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis) larvae, the size of a warning signal (orange patch on black body) varies phenotypically and genetically. Although a large warning signal is favored as an antipredator defense, we hypothesized that thermoregulation may con...

In one experiment half of the animals were trained to avoid a signaled footshock by jumping (30 or 160 trials), whereas the rest of the animals received the same events as yoked. For all of them the termination of the warning signal and of the shock was followed by a safety signal. Several tests were conducted to assess the ability of the stimuli to suppress licking by measuring the latency in ...

By introducing the theory of system safety science, and applying the gray theory prediction method, this paper aims at analysing the major hazards of spontaneous combustion of coal, and divided the impact indicators system into three categories, namely; static indicator, dynamic indicator, and intensive monitoring indicator. The static class indicator determined the hazard class by using risk e...

China has always attached great importance to food security issues; especially in today’s changeable world, it is particularly important build a feasible and accurate early warning system. According the influencing factors security, this paper uses PCA method AHP construct index system that includes 4 secondary indicators 13 tertiary of total trade ecological security. There are four levels no ...

A No early warning signals for stochastic transitions driven by large but constant strength of stochasticity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 B No early warning signals for stochastic transitions in agent based models driven by large but constant strength of stochasticity. . . . . . . . . . . . 5 C Sensitivity analysis for early warning signals of crashes in DJI. . . . . . . 6 D...