The hypothesis of a Palaearctic origin of Leishmania in the early Cenozoic, dispersal to the Nearctic in the late Eocene and to the Neotropical in the Pliocene is presented. It is further hypothesized that murid rodents and their immediate ancestors have been important mammalian reservoirs since the origination of Leishmania. Biochemical, molecular, biogeographical, entomological, mammalalogica...

The new genus and species Ainigmapsychops inexspectatus gen. et sp. nov. is described from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands locality at Republic, Washington, U.S.A. We preliminarily assign it to the Psychopsidae; however, its venation is unusual within this family, particularly by its pectinate branches of AA1 originating at a steep angle, a character state more suggestive of the Osmylidae. 

The Fayum Depression of Egypt has yielded fossils of hystricognathous rodents from multiple Eocene and Oligocene horizons that range in age from ∼37 to ∼30 Ma and document several phases in the early evolution of crown Hystricognathi and one of its major subclades, Phiomorpha. Here we describe two new genera and species of basal phiomorphs, Birkamys korai and Mubhammys vadumensis, based on rost...

Les périssodactyles hippomorphes (Mammalia) de l'Éocène inférieur du bassin Paris. (comprenant aujourd'hui les chevaux, rhinocéros et tapirs) apparaissent au début se dispersent rapidement dans tout l'hémisphère Nord. Leur origine géographique, probablement asiatique, ainsi que leur phylogénétique, est actuellement débattue. fossiles provenant d'Europe ont été peu étudiés depuis années 1960, no...

An integrated study including magnetostratigraphy, larger benthic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy is presented herein. This work was performed in shallow marine siliciclastics rich foraminifera, around the Ypresian/Lutetian boundary Ésera valley (South-Central Pyrenees). Although content studied interval low, not allowing a precise Y/L to be recognised, taxa found are en...