We present an adaptive cross-correlation algorithm for a large dynamic range extended-scene Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. We show that it accurately measures very fine image shifts over many pixels under a variety of practical imaging conditions.

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) has become one of the most useful diagnostic tools for crystallization. The main purpose of using DLS in crystal screening is to help the investigator understand the size distribution, stability, and aggregation state of macromolecules in solution. It can also be used to understand how experimental variables influence aggregation. With commercially available instr...

In empirical finance and in time series applied economics in general, the least squares model is the workhorse. In class there is much discussion of the assumptions of exogeneity, homoskedasticity and serial correlation. However in practice it may be unstable regression coefficients that are most troubling. Rarely is there a credible economic rationale for the assumption that the slope coeffici...

language is a system of overlapping relations, in a way that the concept of a component would not be transferred except in relation with other components and elements. there are two types of relationship between the linguistic structures: verbal and semantic relationships which are intimately linked to each other, because the word holds the meaning and is a means to express it.  considering the...

This paper concerns the problem of characterization of conditional-independence relations (the abbreviation CIR) which arises in connection with probabilistic expert systems. The first two sections contain some lately found properties (axioms) of CIRs; the rest of the paper is a proposal for a proper generalization of the concept of CIR. Since it is defined by means of the concept of multiinfor...

Given a collection of random variables i ] i2N where N is a nite nonempty set, the corresponding multiinformation function ascribes the relative entropy of the joint distribution of i ] i2A with respect to the product of distributions of individual random variables i for i 2 A to every subset A N. We argue it is a useful tool for problems concerning stochastic (conditional) dependence and indep...

There is a systematic and suggestive analogy between grounding and causation. In my view, this is no coincidence: grounding and causation resemble one another because grounding is a type of causation. I defend the identification of grounding with metaphysical causation from some initial objections, and I draw on the causation literature to explore connections between grounding and counterfactua...

Problem: distinguish chance regularities from causal regularities. Lewis’s solution: use ideal theory – promote those regularities to causal that, under reflective equilibrium, given all the evidence, retain their regularity under a nearest possible worlds account of counterfactuals Thus, R2: A causes B iff B is later than A and there is a constant conjunction of events of type A and type B in ...