Although the history of Catholic Christianity propagation in Islamic era of Iran returns to the Ilkhanid period, it was at first in the Safavid era when organized form of Catholic missions began with the actions of a sect of Christian mystics attributed to St. Augustine. Starting of these efforts had not been an outcome of peaceful endeavours, but rather the upshot of Portugueses' military rush...

One of the historical events which was more pronounced in the Safavid period and had a significant effect on Safavid clothing was the arrival of Europeans in Iran which marked a part of the Safavid written history through their travelogues. In addition to travelogues, the paintings of that period can also be used for investigating the Safavid women’s clothing. Using a comparative study, this ar...

this study is an outlook of iranians religious practices and customs in eras such as nasser one. it attempts to answer the main question, "religious practices and ceremonies in the society during naseri ruling" and other subsidiary questions with scientific and historical theories. iran was a traditional and religious community . people abided by their religious practices and duties within reli...

abstract in aggregate, active forms of reactive silica with mineral names are sometimes associated with sand and gravel in concrete mixture. alkali hydroxides originated from alkalis in the cement or other resources form an alkaline silica gel with this reactive silica which becomes swallowed and expanded during time causing damage to concrete. there have been growing researches on alkaline r...

By the rise of the Safavid government with the claim of Siyāda, the role of Sādāt and the position of Siyāda in the history of Iran on the contrary to previous periods, entered a new stage. Thus, the two concepts of Sādāt and Siyāda in the historiography of the Safavid period became special. The main issue of this research is considering the role of Sādāt and the position of Siyāda in the histo...