The study of Iranian architectural spaces as well as historical houses demonstrates the combination and connection among the three open, closed, and semi-open spaces. The connection among these three spaces and generally between inside and outside is a principle of Iranian architecture. The porch, as a semi-open space, has various functional, climatic, cultural, and physical functions, besides ...

The traditional textile art has passed a path along with the royal figurative paintings of the court, which was dynamic in the first period of the Qajar era, and it went out of progress in the second period, because of the flourishing of naturalism. Despite the boom at the beginning, the traditional textiles found many substitutes with the arrival of industrial fabrics in the middle of the ment...

During the Qajar period, due to the influence of European artists, the method of oil painting became very popular in Iran, where this trend was common not only on cloth canvases but also on decoration of the walls of buildings. The western art influenced not only the use of materials, but also the method of execution and even the type of designs, and led to the blending of Western artistic meth...

Although the flourishing of steel art is associated with the Safavid period, the Qajar era can also be considered as the summit of steel applications, particularly in making tools. Two groups of trades, producers and users, have used the tools. Diversity of the tools is representative of dramatic development in terms of form and function in this period. The characteristics of steel products in ...

During two seasons of archaeological excavations on the historical site of Veliran of Damavand, some structural remnants dating to the Sassanid period were identified. The structure consists of a tower and a rampart, as well as several rooms organized on the two sides of a passage. The architectural findings in the archeological site of Veliran help us know the Damavand region as it was during ...