Congenital obstructive malformations of the ureter are amongst the most common human birth defects. To date, the etiology of these diseases has remained largely unexplored, which has preempted any rational approach for therapeutic intervention. Here, we describe that obstructive ureter defects can arise from genetic insults affecting various subprograms of ureter development including formation...

INTRODUCTION Descent of the ureter into the inguinal canal or scrotum is rare but undoubtedly underreported. Most known cases were recognized at the time of surgery for hernia repair. We encountered five cases recently. PRESENTATION OF CASE We reviewed the records and CT images of five patients with inguinal hernias containing a segment of the ureter. All of our cases, like most reported case...

The normal urinary collecting system develops from a single ureteric bud arising the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct. migrates to meet primitive kidney (metanephros), where it into system. Abnormalities in signaling pathways are thought result variety of variants, including two buds duct (complete duplication) or one that bifurcates during development (incomplete duplication).1Uetani N. Bertozzi K....

The ureter provides a way for urine to flow from the kidney to the bladder. Peristalsis in the ureter partially forces the urine flow, along with hydrostatic pressure. Ureteral diseases and a double J stent, which is commonly inserted in a ureteral stenosis or occlusion, disturb normal peristalsis. Ineffective or no peristalsis could make the contour of the ureter a tube, a funnel, or a combina...

Ureteroscopic lithotripsy using Swiss Lithoclast was performed in 411 cases from January 1996 to September 2007 in a single hospital. Medical records of 341 cases, in which Swiss Lithoclast was successfully applied, were available for this retrospective study. We used 9.5Fr and 10Fr Storz rigid ureteroscopes. A success was defined as being free of stone-related symptoms and residual stones larg...

The musculature of the ureter has a layered arrangement in which the internal layer is mainly longitudinal and the external layer is largely circular. There is, however, intermingling and migration of fascicles between layers. At the passage of the ureter through the bladder wall this layering is lost and all fascicles become oriented longitudinally. At the ureterovesical junction fibers of the...

Ureterostomy: Under intravenous pentobarbitone (30mg/~g) anaesthesia the ureter is approached retroperitoneally through a paravertebral incision extending from the costovertebral angle to the iliac crest. The muscles of the abdominal wall are cut along the line of incision. The ureter is identified in the retroperitoneal tissue and is drawn out without disturbing its blood supply. A longitudina...

BACKGROUND Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the urinary tract are extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only three case of AVM of the ureter have been described in the literature so far. CASE PRESENTATION We present an additional, fourth case of an AVM of the ureter, clinically presented as asymptomatic haematuria and an obstructive process in the left ureter. Ureteroscopic evalua...

Ectopic ureter is one of the most common urinary tract anomalies. We, herein, present a case of a giant ureter with ectopic orifice, mimicking pelvic organ prolapse, which is the first in the literature. A 59-year-old female patient presenting with frequently recurrent urinary tract infection had grade 3 pelvic organ prolapse. On examination, the organ producing the appearance of prolapse was f...

Obstructive and nonobstructive forms of hydronephrosis (increased diameter of the renal pelvis and calyces) and hydroureter (dilatation of the ureter) are the most frequently detected antenatal abnormalities, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely undefined. Hedgehog (Hh) proteins control tissue patterning and cell differentiation by promoting GLI-dependent transcriptional activati...