In this paper we nd solution of linear interval equation in dual form based on the generalizedprocedure of interval extension which is called interval extended zero method.Moreover, proposed method has signicant advantage, is that it substantially decreasesthe excess width eect.

We start by describing two of the main proposals for duality in Abelian gauge theories, namely F (ield strength)-duality approach and the S-duality formalism. We then discuss how F -duality and S-duality can be applied to the case of linearized gravity. By emphasizing the similarities and differences between these two type of dualities we explore the possibility of combining them in just one du...

Canopy gaps are one of the most important structural features of forest ecosystems, and studying of them can have useful results and implications for forest management. The aim of this study is investigation of characteristics and regeneration within canopy gaps in an intact beech stand in the Shastkalateh Experimental Forest of Hyrcanian region, north of Iran. All canopy gaps and related fores...

In this short and self contained paper we are proposing a simple penalty, which is a modification on the constraint set. We show that duality gap is eliminated under certain conditions.

In a nutshell, a duality for a constraint satisfaction problem equates the existence of one homomorphism to the non-existence of other homomorphisms. In this survey paper, we give an overview of logical, combinatorial, and algebraic aspects of the following forms of duality for constraint satisfaction problems: finite duality, bounded pathwidth duality, and bounded treewidth duality.

in this paper, using clarke’s generalized directional derivative and di-invexity we introduce new concepts of nonsmooth k-α-di-invex and generalized type i univex functions over cones for a nonsmooth vector optimization problem with cone constraints. we obtain some sufficient optimality conditions and mond-weir type duality results under the foresaid generalized invexity and type i cone-univexi...

This paper considers the optimal induced L2gain estimator design problem for infinite dimensional systems with finite dimensional outputs. It is shown that this problem is equivalent to a dual regulator design problem. Moreover the relationship between the dual problem and a two player differential game is established. A solution to the latter problem is derived which, in turn solves the dual r...

Background Phase contrast MRI has limited practical value in clinical applications due to its inherently long scan times [Kilner,JCMR’07]. Parallel imaging[Pruessmann, MRM’01] and spatio-temporal constrained reconstruction techniques[Tsao,MRM’03] have been shown beneficial[Baltes,MRM’05]. Dual slice approaches have shown advantages as compared to standard SENSE when multiple and sufficiently se...

the main purpose of this study was to investigate the major barriers to application of good agricultural practices (gaps) technologies in sustainability of livestock by ranchers of meshkinshahr. a sample of 120 farmers was selected by using proportional random sampling method. data were collected by means of a questionnaire. validity of questionnaire was determined through agricultural jihad ex...