In this paper first we prove four fundamental theorems of the alternative, called scaling dualities, characterizing exact and approximate solvability of four significant conic problems in finite dimensional spaces, defined as: homogeneous programming (HP), scaling problem (SP), homogeneous scaling problem (HSP), and algebraic scaling problem (ASP). Let φ be a homogeneous function of degree p > ...

In this paper we study dualities of graphs and, more generally, relational structures with respect to full homomorphisms, that is, mappings that are both edgeand non-edge-preserving. The research was motivated, a.o., by results from logic (concerning first order definability) and Constraint Satisfaction Problems. We prove that for any finite set of objects B (finite relational structures) there...

We present a general formula for the topology and H-flux of the T-dual of a type II compactification. Our results apply to T-dualities with respect to any free circle action. In particular, we find that the manifolds on each side of the duality are circle bundles whose curvatures are given by the integral of the dual H-flux over the dual circle. As a corollary we conjecture an obstruction to mu...

We study compactifications of F-theory on certain Calabi–Yau threefolds. We find that N = 2 dualities of type II/heterotic strings in 4 dimensions get promoted to N = 1 dualities between heterotic string and F-theory in 6 dimensions. The six dimensional heterotic/heterotic duality becomes a classical geometric symmetry of the Calabi–Yau in the F-theory setup. Moreover the F-theory compactificat...

As the title says, I will first introduce the notion of duality and general procedures of testing dualities. Then I will discuss several important examples of dualities and use those examples to attempt a definition of M-theory, which can serve as the candidate for the unified theory. I also give a brief introduction to discrete light cone quantization (DLCQ), which could serve as a starting po...

Implications of string-string dualities to cosmological string vacua are discussed. Cosmological vacua of classical string theories comprise of disjoint classses mapped one another by scale-factor T-duality. Each classes are, however, afflicted with initial/final cosmological singularities. It is argued that quantum string theories and string-string dualities dramatically resolve these cosmolog...

In this paper we investigate N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories with a product gauge group. By using smoothly confining dynamics, we can find new dualities which include higher-rank tensor fields, and in which the dual gauge group is simple, not a product. Some of them are dualities between chiral and non-chiral gauge theories. We also discuss some applications to dynamical supersymmetry breakin...

This paper presents a unified account of a number of dual category equivalences of relevance to the theory of canonical extensions of distributive lattices. Each of the categories involved is generated by an object having a 2-element underlying set; additional structure may be algebraic (lattice or complete lattice operations) or relational (order) and, in either case, topology may or may not b...