We discuss two approximation paradigms that were used to construct many approximation algorithms during the last two decades, the primal-dual schema and the local ratio technique. Recently, primal-dual algorithms were devised by first constructing a local ratio algorithm, and then transforming it into a primal-dual algorithm. This was done in the case of the 2-approximation algorithms for the f...

Currently, the existence of an extremal singly even self-dual code of length 24k + 10 is unknown for all nonnegative integers k. In this note, we study singly even self-dual [24k + 10, 12k + 5, 4k + 2] codes. We give some restrictions on the possible weight enumerators of singly even self-dual [24k + 10, 12k + 5, 4k + 2] codes with shadows of minimum weight at least 5 for k = 2, 3, 4, 5. We dis...

The existence of optimal binary self-dual codes is a long-standing research problem. In this paper, we present some results concerning the decomposition of binary self-dual codes with a dihedral automorphism group D2p, where p is a prime. These results are applied to construct new self-dual codes with length 78 or 116. We obtain 16 inequivalent self-dual [78, 39, 14] codes, four of which have n...

The intention of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics using 5 internal fixation methods used clinically to stabilize a pubic symphysis diastasis (PSD, Tile type B1).A 3-dimensional finite element model of PSD was simulated using 5 implants, including single superior plate (Single-Plate), superior and anterior plate (Dual-Plate), single cannulated screw (Single-Screw), cro...

Photonic structures with optical resonances beyond a single controllable mode are strongly desired for enhancing light-matter interactions and bringing about advanced photonic devices. However, the realization of effective multimodal has been restricted by limited tunable range manipulation, spatial dispersions electric fields or polarization-dependent excitations. To overcome these limitations...

Let F/E be a finite Galois extension of fields with abelian Galois group Γ. A self-dual normal basis for F/E is a normal basis with the additional property that TrF/E(g(x), h(x)) = δg,h for g, h ∈ Γ. Bayer-Fluckiger and Lenstra have shown that when char(E) 6= 2, then F admits a self-dual normal basis if and only if [F : E] is odd. If F/E is an extension of finite fields and char(E) = 2, then F ...

there are two different co-expression systems including bicistronic; dual-vector or two-promoter to express two different genes simultaneously and also to study protein-protein interactions. bicistronic system has disadvantages e.g. compared with two-promoter system. in this paper, a simple method based on spliced overlap extension by polymerase chain reaction (soe-pcr) technique was demonstrat...

The zero modes of closed strings on a torus –the torus coordinates plus dual coordinates conjugate to winding number– parameterize a doubled torus. In closed string field theory, the string field depends on all zero-modes and so can be expanded to give an infinite set of fields on the doubled torus. We use string field theory to construct a theory of massless fields on the doubled torus. Key to...

The relative strength of posterior plating and dual medial-lateral plating for comminuted olecranon fractures has not been evaluated. Fifteen male cadaveric elbows with simulated highly comminuted olecranon fractures were tested to failure via cantilever bending. The strength of dual medial-lateral plates and a single posterior plate with and without an intramedullary screw was evaluated. The m...