An oil spill occurred off Goa, west coast of India, on 23 March 2005 due to collision of two vessels. In general, fair weather with weak winds prevails along the west coast of India during March. In that case, the spill would have moved slowly and reached the coast. However, in 2005 when this event occurred, relatively stronger winds prevailed, and these winds forced the spill to move away from...

Background: Sleep disturbances among child patients are a commonly reported problem. We aimed to review the effectiveness of aromatherapy on sleep disorders of children and infants. Materials and Methods:  This review was conducted with a systematic ...

Doppler spectra taken with the VHF Doppler radar at White Sands Missile Range are used to describe the winds and turbulence for 10 days in March-April 1991. The large power aperture product of this radar provides excellent data coverage in 150-m layers over the entire height range used, about 5-20 km. The results show that gravity-wave activity and small-scale turbulence are significantly enhan...

We are all familiar with the fact that cities are generally warmer than the surrounding, more rural areas. We see it referenced most nights in our television weather reports. It is especially significant on nights with clear skies and light winds which favor radiational cooling. This is most significant in the rural areas but in the city, the excess heat absorbed during the day and the local he...

introduction atmospheric processes and their interactions with ground surface responsible for formation and evolution of a heavy dust storm are important for identifying dust transport pathways. spatial and temporal distribution of middle eastern dust for a severe dust event during 4-8 july 2009 was analyzed by weather research and forecasting with chemistry (wrf/chem) model simulations, in-sit...

The probability density function (pdf) of land surface wind speeds is characterized using a global network of observations. Daytime surface wind speeds are shown to be broadly consistent with the Weibull distribution, while nighttime surface wind speeds are generally more positively skewed than the corresponding Weibull distribution (particularly in summer). In the midlatitudes, these strongly ...

In shallow-water models, wetting and drying (WAD) are determined by the total water depth D 1⁄4 0 for ‘dry’ and >0 for ‘wet’. Checks are applied to decide the fate of each cell during model integration. It is shown that with bottom friction values commonly used in coastal models, the shallow-water system may be cast into a Burger’s type equation for D. For flows dominated by D (i.e. jrDj jrH j,...

the effective patterns and mechanisms of synoptic systems during the wet and dry spells in midwest of iran(mwi) analyzed and discussed on seasonal scales from 1974 to 2003. synoptic analysis is based on synoptic chartson sea level pressure (slp), 850 and 500 hpa levels. the results of synoptic analysis show that dry spells in mwiare mostly corresponded to azores high (azh) intensifying and its ...

Recent heat waves have been a matter of serious concern for India because of potential impacts on agriculture, food security, and socioeconomic progress. This study examines the trends and variability in frequency, duration, and intensity of hot episodes during three time periods (1951–2013, 1981–2013 and 1998–2013) by defining heat waves based on the percentile of maximum, minimum, and mean te...

The primary objective of the present thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the soil moisture – atmosphere interaction during the development and mature phases of the South American monsoon system. A set of dynamical downscaling experiments over the continent are developed and analyzed for this purpose, using the Rossby Centre Atmospheric regional model (RCA). The primary objective lea...