The responses of termite species to bait depend upon the quality of the food used in the stations. Woods are the most common food sources for termites but different termite species behave differently to different wood species and types. The knowledge of the preference status of different wood species to a termite species helps in effective monitoring and baiting program. The current study was c...

Figs are the inflorescences of fig trees (Ficus spp., Moraceae). They are shaped like a hollow ball, lined on their inner surface by numerous tiny female flowers. Pollination is carried out by host-specific fig wasps (Agaonidae). Female pollinators enter the figs through a narrow entrance gate and once inside can walk around on a platform generated by the stigmas of the flowers. They lay their ...

Here we draw on phylogenies of figs and fig wasps to suggest how modes of speciation may be affected by interspecific interactions. Mutualists appear to have cospeciated with their hosts to a greater extent than parasites, which showed evidence of host shifting. However, we also repeatedly encountered a pattern not explained by either cospeciation or host switching. Sister species of fig parasi...

Propagule pressure can determine the success or failure of invasive plant range expansion. Range expansion takes place at large spatial scales, often encompassing many types of land cover, yet the effect of landscape context on propagule pressure remains largely unknown. Many studies have reported a positive correlation between invasive plant abundance and human land use; increased propagule pr...

Introduction: Detecting most of the caves that are likely to exist on Mars is difficult because their entrances must face skyward and be wide enough (>100 m) to be confirmed by THEMIS thermal-infrared observations [1]. Here we discuss the possibility of using THEMIS data to indirectly detect cave entrances that may exist in a small number of anomalous Martian pit craters. First identified in Ki...

ORTHOPAEDICS. By J. Crawford Adams, M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S. (Pp. 476; figs. 361. 40s.). Edinburgh & London: E. & S. Livingstone, 1967. THEi first edition of this book appeared in 1956, so that the appearance of this sixth edition means there has been a new edition every two years. Not only does this show very energetic re-writing by the author, but it points most effectively to the immense popular...

scattering of an incoming wave train by a discontinuity at the upper surface of the ocean over a uniform porous bottom of finite depth is considered here in the framework of linearized water wave theory. by employing residue calculus method, the reflection and transmission coefficient are obtained. these coefficients are computed numerically for different values of the porosity parameter g and ...