Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are relatively rare tumors that arise in the endocrine cells of the pancreas. Historically, somatostatin analogues have been used in this disease primarily for symptom control and, to a limited extent, disease stability. More recently, sunitinib and everolimus have been approved for advanced stage PNETs based on a survival benefit. However, both agents h...

Osteosarcoma is a kind of primary malignant bone tumor with the highest incidence and an extraordinarily poor prognosis and early pulmonary metastasis formation as a frequent occurrence. Transcriptional positive coactivator 4 (PC4) has multiple functions in DNA replication, transcription, repair and chromatin organization, even in tumorigenesis. However, the precise function of PC4 in osteosarc...

The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (ACS-CoC) mandates that pathology reports at ACS-CoC-approved cancer programs include all scientifically validated data elements for each site and tumor specimen. The College of American Pathologists (CAP) has produced cancer checklists in static text formats to assist reporting. To be inclusive, the CAP checklists are pages long, requiring ...

UNLABELLED Accurate staging of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is important for treatment management. In this study, the utility of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) whole-body PET was evaluated as an imaging modality for initial staging or restaging of 7 HD and 11 NHL patients. METHODS Whole-body PET-based staging results were compared to the patient's clinical st...

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is standard management for women who have locally advanced or inflammatory breast cancer, but can be applied to all women who may require postoperative chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. Disease-free survival and overall survival are equivalent between patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and patients treated with the same regimen postoperatively. Pre...

Introduction: Multiple myeloma is a heterogeneous disease with different survival times among patients. Accurate prediction of prognosis in multiple myeloma is essential, as patients with a shorter survival time may require early bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and more advanced chemotherapy as a part of their first-line treatment. In the present study, a parameter, depicted by ga...

OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the complication rates following cochlear implantation in canal wall down mastoid cavities in adults and children. DATA SOURCES A systematic review of English articles from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Additional studies were identified by reviewing the reference lists of the originally identified studies. REVIEW METHODS Studies wer...

Context: The staging of bladder cancer (BCa) is crucial for optimal management of the disease. The staging process is known to be challenging and fraughtwith errors. Objective: Our aim was to present current BCa grading and staging systems and to review the crucial steps of the staging process. Sources of errors and pitfalls in the staging process are also discussed. Evidence acquisition: A com...